Copy number variants in neurexin genes: phenotypes and mechanisms.

Copy number variants in neurexin genes: phenotypes and mechanisms.
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neurexin基因的拷贝数变异:表型和机制。

DOI:
10.1016/j.gde.2021.02.010
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发表时间:
2021-06
影响因子:
4
通讯作者:
Pak C
Pak C
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Fuccillo MV;Pak C

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在突触规范和维持过程中,神经素是跨突触细胞粘附和信号传导的核心。过去二十年的人类遗传学研究已经确定了神经rexin基因家族的结构变异,特别是NRXN1拷贝数变异(CNVs),与多种神经精神和发育障碍有关。NRXN1缺失的异质性和外显率降低,以及NRXN1的多功能性和电路特异性功能,为理解NRXN1功能受损如何使个体易患神经精神疾病提供了实质性障碍。在这里,我们提供了NRXN1基因在疾病中的最新综述,以及最近发表的使用人类诱导多能干细胞(iPSC)衍生系统和动物模型来了解疾病病理生理机制的工作。最后,我们提出了对该领域应如何发展的展望,以提高我们对神经rexin介导的疾病发病机制的理解。我们认为,了解NRXN1的结构遗传变异如何促进疾病病理生理需要在iPSC和小鼠模型系统中采用平行方法,每种方法都利用其独特的优势-分析iPSC中的遗传相互作用和背景效应以及小鼠的神经回路和行为分析。
Neurexins are central to trans-synaptic cell adhesion and signaling during synapse specification and maintenance. The past two decades of human genetics research have identified structural variations in the neurexin gene family, in particular NRXN1 copy number variants (CNVs), implicated in multiple neuropsychiatric and developmental disorders. The heterogeneity and reduced penetrance of NRXN1 deletions, in addition to the pleiotropic, circuit-specific functions of NRXN1, present substantial obstacles to understanding how compromised NRXN1 function predisposes individuals to neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we provide an updated review of NRXN1 genetics in disease, followed by recently published work using both human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived systems and animal models to understand the mechanisms of disease pathophysiology. Finally, we suggest our outlook on how the field should progress to improve our understanding of neurexin mediated disease pathogenesis. We believe that understanding how structural genetic variants in NRXN1 contribute to disease pathophysiology requires parallel approaches in iPSC and mouse model systems, each leveraging their unique strengths — analysis of genetic interactions and background effects in iPSCs and neural circuit and behavioral analysis in mice.
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