Wake up and smell the dopamine: new mechanisms mediating dopamine activity fluctuations related to sleep and psychostimulant sensitivity.
Wake up and smell the dopamine: new mechanisms mediating dopamine activity fluctuations related to sleep and psychostimulant sensitivity.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41386-020-00903-5
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发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lovinger DM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kesner AJ;Lovinger DM
睡眠对动物王国的物种来说是至关重要的生存功能。适当的睡眠不仅通过神经胶质和内分泌功能提供休息和代谢恢复的时间，而且还有助于记忆巩固和情绪稳定等关键的认知过程。事实上，正如最近的神经精神药理学评论系列所强调的那样，越来越多的人认为，大多数（如果不是全部的话）神经精神疾病都与非典型睡眠紊乱有关。神经调节剂多巴胺也处于许多精神疾病的中心，它在中枢神经系统（CNS）中，在运动控制、奖励和强化以及情感过程[3]中起着关键作用。最近的研究也暗示了多巴胺能在睡眠中的活动，并确定了多巴胺水平和释放在腹侧纹状体中以昼夜节律的方式波动[5,6]。在啮齿类动物中，睡眠发生在周期中最明显的明亮部分，但也发生在黑暗时期，因此，从这些早期的研究中尚不清楚多巴胺波动是否与睡眠、一天中的时间或两者有关。此外，啮齿类动物的睡眠可以分为快速眼动（REM）和非快速眼动（NREM）阶段，这两个阶段可以通过多导睡眠描记仪（[1]）与清醒状态区分开来。多巴胺转运体（DAT）在释放后负责细胞外多巴胺的移除/恢复，在表达和功能上也表现出昼夜节律波动。然而，多巴胺和DAT活动的这些昼夜变化的机制及其与睡眠的关系尚不清楚。在这一期的《神经精神药理学》中，Alonso和他的同事在伏隔核核心亚区（NAc核心）使用脑切片快速扫描循环伏安法（FSCV）测量睡眠和清醒状态后固定时间点的多巴胺释放，解决了这些问题。由于这一腹侧纹状体边缘中枢神经系统区域在控制情感和奖励驱动行为方面发挥着重要作用，因此我们对其进行了研究，并且先前的研究表明，NAc核心[5]中的多巴胺具有昼夜节律波动。作者还使用免疫学技术测量细胞表面DAT表达和DAT蛋白苏氨酸53 （pDAT）磷酸化，这是一种增强DAT功能的翻译后修饰[8]。FSCV记录显示，传入刺激（DASTIM）诱导的多巴胺释放峰值出现在光期睡眠后不久，而不是暗期。此外，DASTIM的峰值释放与两个昼夜周期的REM发作次数呈正相关。然而,
Sleep serves a crucial survival function for species across the animal kingdom. Proper sleep not only provides time for rest and metabolic recovery via glial and endocrine functioning, but also contributes critical cognitive processes like memory consolidation and mood stabilization [1]. Indeed, as highlighted in a recent Neuropsychopharmacology Reviews Series, there is a growing consensus that most, if not all, neuropsychiatric disorders are associated with atypical sleep [2]. Also at the center of many of these psychiatric illnesses is the neuromodulator dopamine, which, in the central nervous system (CNS), has critical roles in movement control, reward and reinforcement, and affective processes [3]. Recent studies have also implicated dopaminergic activity in sleep [4] and have established that dopamine levels and release in the ventral striatum fluctuate in a circadian fashion [5, 6]. In rodents, sleep occurs in bouts that are most prominent in the light part of the cycle, but also occur in the dark period [1], and thus it was not clear from these earlier studies if dopamine fluctuations were related to sleep, time of day, or both. Furthermore, sleep in rodents can be separated into rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-rapideye-movement (NREM) phases that can be distinguished from one another and from the awake state using polysomnography [1]. The dopamine transporter (DAT), which is responsible for removal/recovery of extracellular dopamine after release also exhibits circadian fluctuations in expression and function [5]. However, the mechanisms underlying these diurnal changes in dopamine and DAT activity and their relationship to sleep remain unknown. In this issue of Neuropsychopharmacology, Alonso and colleagues [7] address these questions by measuring dopamine release at fixed time points after periods of sleep and wake states using brain slice fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in the core subregion of the nucleus accumbens (NAc core). This ventral striatal limbic CNS region was examined as it has prominent roles in control of affect and reward-driven behavior, and previous studies showed circadian fluctuations in dopamine in NAc core [5]. The authors also used immunological techniques to measure cell surface DAT expression and phosphorylation of the DAT protein at threonine 53 (pDAT), a posttranslational modification that enhances DAT function [8].FSCV recordings indicated that the peak level of dopamine release induced by afferent stimulation (DASTIM) occurred shortly after a sleep bout during the light phase, but not the dark phase. Furthermore, the peak DASTIM release was positively correlated with the number of REM bouts across both circadian phases. However,
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影响因子：
48
作者：
Patriarchi T;Mohebi A;Sun J;Marley A;Liang R;Dong C;Puhger K;Mizuno GO;Davis CM;Wiltgen B;von Zastrow M;Berke JD;Tian L
通讯作者：
Tian L
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1407935111
发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Ferris, Mark J.;Espana, Rodrigo A.;Jones, Sara R.
通讯作者：
Jones, Sara R.
在正常和疾病状态下多巴胺转运蛋白调节的机制。
影响因子：
13.8
作者：
Vaughan, Roxanne A.;Foster, James D.
通讯作者：
Foster, James D.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Alonso, I. P.;Pino, J. A.;Espana, R. A.
通讯作者：
Espana, R. A.
影响因子：
10.3
作者：
Castañeda, TR;Prado, BM;Mora, F
通讯作者：
Mora, F