Electrical stimulation of the primate lateral habenula suppresses saccadic eye movement through a learning mechanism.
Electrical stimulation of the primate lateral habenula suppresses saccadic eye movement through a learning mechanism.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0026701
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hikosaka O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Matsumoto M;Hikosaka O
外侧缰核（LHb）是代表负性动机价值的脑结构。LHb中的神经元被不愉快的事件如奖励遗漏和厌恶刺激所兴奋，并将这些信号传递到中脑多巴胺神经元，这些神经元参与学习和动机。然而，目前还不清楚这些阶段性的变化，LHb神经元活动实际上是否影响动物的行为。为了回答这个问题，我们通过电刺激人工激活了LHb，同时猴子正在执行视觉引导的扫视任务。在一组试验中，向一个固定方向的扫视（例如，右方向）之后是LHb的电刺激，同时扫视到另一个方向（例如，（左）没有。在下一个区块中，方向刺激应急性被逆转。我们发现，扫视后刺激的LHb增加了扫视在随后的试验中的潜伏期。值得注意的是，随着扫视被重复地跟随刺激，潜伏期的增加逐渐发生，这表明扫视后刺激的效果在试验中累积。另一方面，在扫视之前开始的LHb刺激对扫视潜伏期没有影响。与以往的研究表明，LHb激活奖励遗漏和厌恶刺激，本刺激实验表明，LHb活动有助于学习抑制导致不愉快的事件的行动。
The lateral habenula (LHb) is a brain structure which represents negative motivational value. Neurons in the LHb are excited by unpleasant events such as reward omission and aversive stimuli, and transmit these signals to midbrain dopamine neurons which are involved in learning and motivation. However, it remains unclear whether these phasic changes in LHb neuronal activity actually influence animal behavior. To answer this question, we artificially activated the LHb by electrical stimulation while monkeys were performing a visually guided saccade task. In one block of trials, saccades to one fixed direction (e.g., right direction) were followed by electrical stimulation of the LHb while saccades to the other direction (e.g., left direction) were not. The direction-stimulation contingency was reversed in the next block. We found that the post-saccadic stimulation of the LHb increased the latencies of saccades in subsequent trials. Notably, the increase of the latency occurred gradually as the saccade was repeatedly followed by the stimulation, suggesting that the effect of the post-saccadic stimulation was accumulated across trials. LHb stimulation starting before saccades, on the other hand, had no effect on saccade latency. Together with previous studies showing LHb activation by reward omission and aversive stimuli, the present stimulation experiment suggests that LHb activity contributes to learning to suppress actions which lead to unpleasant events.
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