Efficient and robust approaches for analysis of sequential multiple assignment randomized trials: Illustration using the ADAPT-R trial.

Efficient and robust approaches for analysis of sequential multiple assignment randomized trials: Illustration using the ADAPT-R trial.
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DOI:
10.1111/biom.13808
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发表时间:
2023-09
期刊:
影响因子:
1.9
通讯作者:
Petersen, Maya L. L.
Petersen, Maya L. L.
中科院分区:
数学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Montoya, Lina M. M.;Kosorok, Michael R. R.;Geng, Elvin H. H.;Schwab, Joshua;Odeny, Thomas A. A.;Petersen, Maya L. L.

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个性化的干预策略,特别是那些根据参与者自己的反应修改治疗的策略,是精准医疗方法的核心组成部分。序贯多分配随机试验(SMART)越来越受欢迎,专门设计用于促进序贯适应性策略的评估,特别是嵌入SMART的策略。能够结合机器学习同时保留有效推理的有效估计方法的进步可以更精确地估计这些嵌入式机制的有效性。然而,据我们所知,这些方法尚未作为SMART试验的主要分析。在本文中,我们提出了一个强大的和有效的方法,使用有针对性的最大似然估计(TMLE)的估计和对比下嵌入在SMART的动态制度的预期结果,同时产生的估计置信区间。我们将此方法与两种替代方案(G-计算和逆概率加权估计)进行对比。通过使用TMLE来评估嵌入式方案的效果,可以获得精确度增益和稳健的推断,并使用结果盲模拟和自适应策略预防和治疗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)护理(ADAPT-R)试验中的保留失效的真实数据分析进行说明(NCT 02338739),一个SMART,主要目的是确定战略,以改善撒哈拉以南非洲艾滋病毒感染者的艾滋病毒护理保留。
Personalized intervention strategies, in particular those that modify treatment based on a participant’s own response, are a core component of precision medicine approaches. Sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMARTs) are growing in popularity and are specifically designed to facilitate the evaluation of sequential adaptive strategies, in particular those embedded within the SMART. Advances in efficient estimation approaches that are able to incorporate machine learning while retaining valid inference can allow for more precise estimates of the effectiveness of these embedded regimes. However, to the best of our knowledge, such approaches have not yet been applied as the primary analysis in SMART trials. In this paper, we present a robust and efficient approach using targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) for estimating and contrasting expected outcomes under the dynamic regimes embedded in a SMART, together with generating simultaneous confidence intervals for the resulting estimates. We contrast this method with two alternatives (G-computation and inverse probability weighting estimators). The precision gains and robust inference achievable through the use of TMLE to evaluate the effects of embedded regimes are illustrated using both outcome-blind simulations and a real-data analysis from the Adaptive Strategies for Preventing and Treating Lapses of Retention in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Care (ADAPT-R) trial (NCT02338739), a SMART with a primary aim of identifying strategies to improve retention in HIV care among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.
动态和静态纵向边际结构工作模型的目标最大似然估计。
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两阶段的TMLE可以降低偏差并提高群集随机试验的效率。
DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxab043
发表时间: 2023-04-14
期刊: Biostatistics (Oxford, England)
影响因子: --
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