Conservation Tillage Increases Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat by Optimizing Water Transfer in a Semi-Arid Environment
Conservation Tillage Increases Water Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat by Optimizing Water Transfer in a Semi-Arid Environment
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半干旱环境下保护性耕作通过优化输水提高春小麦水分利用效率
DOI：
10.3390/agronomy9100583
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发表时间：
2019-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sunita Choudhary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhengkai Peng;Linlin Wang;Junhong Xie;Lingling Li;Jeffrey A. Coulter;Renzhi Zhang;Zhuzhu Luo;Jana Kholova;Sunita Choudhary
水的可获得性是半干旱环境下作物生产的主要制约因素。研究了不同耕作方式对黄土高原西部地区春小麦水势梯度、水分运移阻力、产量和水分利用效率的影响。2001年实施的6种耕作措施及其在2016和2017两年的效果，包括常规免耕(T)、免耕加秸秆覆盖(NTS)、免耕免耕(NT)、秸秆还田(TS)、覆膜常规耕作(TP)和免耕覆膜(NTP)。免耕秸秆覆盖、TP和NTP显著提高了苗期土壤水势42、47和57%，苗期根系水势分别提高了34、35和51%，苗期叶水势分别提高了37、48和42%，分蘖期分别提高了21、24和30%，拔节期分别提高了28、32和36%。这些处理还显著降低了苗期0~10 cm土壤水势梯度35%、48%和35%，花期30~50 cm土壤水势梯度分别降低62%、46%和65%。因此，NTS、TP和NTP显著降低了土壤-叶片水分转移阻力，增强了蒸腾作用。与T相比，NTS、TP和NTP处理的生物量分别增加18、36和40%，粮食产量增加28、22和24%，WUEg增加24、26和24%。这些结果表明，在半干旱地区，秸秆覆盖免耕和地膜免耕或常规耕作均能降低土壤-叶片水势梯度和土壤-叶片水分转移阻力，提高小麦生产的可持续集约化。
Water availability is a major constraint for crop production in semiarid environments. The impact of tillage practices on water potential gradient, water transfer resistance, yield, and water use efficiency (WUEg) of spring wheat was determined on the western Loess Plateau. Six tillage practices implemented in 2001 and their effects were determined in 2016 and 2017 including conventional tillage with no straw (T), no-till with straw cover (NTS), no-till with no straw (NT), conventional tillage with straw incorporated (TS), conventional tillage with plastic mulch (TP), and no-till with plastic mulch (NTP). No-till with straw cover, TP, and NTP significantly improved soil water potential at the seedling stage by 42, 47, and 57%, respectively; root water potential at the seedling stage by 34, 35, and 51%, respectively; leaf water potential at the seedling stage by 37, 48, and 42%, respectively; tillering stage by 21, 24, and 30%, respectively; jointing stage by 28, 32, and 36%, respectively; and flowering stage by 10, 26, and 16%, respectively, compared to T. These treatments also significantly reduced the soil–leaf water potential gradient at the 0–10 cm soil depth at the seedling stage by 35, 48, and 35%, respectively, and at the 30–50 cm soil depth at flowering by 62, 46, and 65%, respectively, compared to T. Thus, NTS, TP, and NTP reduced soil–leaf water transfer resistance and enhanced transpiration. Compared to T, the NTS, TP, and NTP practices increased biomass yield by 18, 36, and 40%; grain yield by 28, 22, and 24%; and WUEg by 24, 26, and 24%, respectively. These results demonstrate that no-till with straw mulch and plastic mulching with either no-till or conventional tillage decrease the soil–leaf water potential gradient and soil–leaf water transfer resistance and enhance sustainable intensification of wheat production in semi-arid areas.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
M. Unkovich;J. Baldock;Ryan Farquharson
通讯作者：
M. Unkovich;J. Baldock;Ryan Farquharson
DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer
影响因子：
--
作者：
Wang Jian-b
通讯作者：
Wang Jian-b
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Wang, Yajun;Xie, Zhongkui;Wang, Jinniu
通讯作者：
Wang, Jinniu
影响因子：
6.2
作者：
F. Plauborg
通讯作者：
F. Plauborg
半干旱黄土高原地膜雨养小麦的光合速率和水分利用
DOI：
10.1007/s40011-018-1018-5
发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci.
影响因子：
--
作者：
柳娜;杨文雄
通讯作者：
杨文雄