Traditional grazing regimes promote biodiversity and increase nectar production in Tibetan alpine meadows
Traditional grazing regimes promote biodiversity and increase nectar production in Tibetan alpine meadows
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传统放牧制度促进了西藏高寒草甸的生物多样性并增加了花蜜产量
DOI：
10.1016/j.agee.2016.09.030
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Niu Kechang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mu Junpeng;Zeng Yuling;Wu Qinggui;Niklas Karl J.;Niu Kechang
牧民声称，涉及轻度至中度放牧的传统管理做法可确保可持续产量，并促进牧场生态系统提供的多功能服务。花蜜生产是一个关键的生态系统功能，成功的养蜂业和传粉者提供的服务在西藏高山牧场的可持续性至关重要。在这里，我们评估了传统（轻度至中度）放牧是否会在个体植物水平和整个群落水平上促进植物生物多样性和花蜜生产。我们比较了植物物种多样性和花蜜生产的优势蜜源物种（黑风毛菊）在个体植物水平和在社区水平在未放牧，轻度放牧，中度放牧，重度放牧的地块在西藏高山草甸网站。个体花蜜产量以花蜜量×每头状花序小花数×每株头状花序来量化。群落花蜜产量计算为每1.0 m2地块的个体花蜜产量×开花植物数量。我们发现，花蜜生产在小花，个人和社区水平显着较高，在轻度和中度放牧地块相比，严重放牧或未放牧地块。这有点违反直觉的观察结果（特别是关于未放牧的地块），导致轻和中度放牧增加小花和头状花序的数量，和开花的个人的数量，每个地块作为一个结果，降低竞争的光。此外，物种丰富度显着相关的花蜜生产（由于轻度至中度放牧）在个人水平和社区水平。这些结果支持了传统观点，即轻度至中度放牧不仅促进植物生物多样性，而且确保花蜜生产（和饲料）的可持续产量。因此，传统的放牧管理做法是更“生态友好”的最近和广泛的做法相比，涉及放牧排斥或过度放牧在西藏牧场在这项研究中。
Pastoralists claim that traditional management practices involving light to moderate grazing ensure sustainable yield and promote the multifunctional services provided by rangeland ecosystems. Nectar production is a key ecosystem function crucial to successful apiculture and to the sustainability of services provided by pollinators in the Tibetan alpine rangeland. Here, we evaluated whether traditional (light to moderate) grazing promotes plant biodiversity and nectar production at the level of individual plants and at the level of an entire community. We compared plant species diversity and nectar production of the dominant nectariferous species (Saussurea nigrescens) at the individual plant level and at the community level in ungrazed, lightly grazed, moderately grazed, and heavily grazed plots in each of three Tibetan alpine meadow sites. Individual nectar production was quantified as nectar volume × floret number per capitulum × capitulum per plant. Community nectar production was calculated as individual nectar production × the number of flowering plants per 1.0 m2plot. We found that nectar production at the floret, individual, and community levels was significantly higher in lightly and moderately grazed plots compared to heavily grazed or ungrazed plots. This somewhat counterintuitive observation (particularly with regard to ungrazed plots) resulted from the fact that light and moderate grazing increased floret and capitulum number, and the number of flowering individuals per plot as a result of lowered competition for light. Moreover, species richness was significantly correlated with nectar production (as a result of light to moderate grazing) both at the individual level and at the community level. These results support the traditional view that light to moderate grazing not only promotes plant biodiversity but also ensures a sustainable yield in nectar production (and forage). Thus, traditional grazing management practices are more “eco-friendly” compared to recent and widespread practices involving either grazing exclusion or overgrazing in the Tibetan rangelands examined in this study.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015-04
期刊：
--
影响因子：
--
作者：
M. Friendly;J. Fox
通讯作者：
M. Friendly;J. Fox
青藏高原高寒草甸32种物种生殖分配与相对丰度的关系：施肥和放牧的影响
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Niu K;Schmid B;Choler P;Du G
通讯作者：
Du G
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
A. Parsons;E. Leafe;B. Collett;W. Stiles
通讯作者：
A. Parsons;E. Leafe;B. Collett;W. Stiles
牧草质量和土壤肥力之间的权衡：喜马拉雅牧场的经验教训
影响因子：
6.6
作者：
Niu, Kechang;He, Jin-sheng;Lechowicz, Martin J.
通讯作者：
Lechowicz, Martin J.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Liu, Yinzhan;Reich, Peter B.;Sun, Shucun
通讯作者：
Sun, Shucun