Experiences of Psychotherapists With Remote Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey Study.
Experiences of Psychotherapists With Remote Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Web-Based Survey Study.
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DOI：
10.2196/20246
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发表时间：
2020-11-27
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Probst T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Humer E;Stippl P;Pieh C;Pryss R;Probst T
当前围绕COVID-19大流行的形势以及抗击它所需的措施给心理治疗师带来了挑战，他们通常通过个人接触面对面治疗患者。大流行正在加速远程心理治疗（即通过电话或互联网提供的心理治疗）的使用。然而，一些心理治疗师对远程心理治疗持保留态度。由于心理治疗师是决定远程心理治疗使用频率的个人，因此只有心理治疗师愿意使用远程心理治疗，才能实现在COVID-19大流行期间实现精神卫生保健的潜力，以符合抗击COVID-19的保护措施。这项研究旨在调查奥地利COVID-19封锁的最初几周（2020年3月24日至4月1日）心理治疗师进行远程心理治疗的经验。奥地利心理治疗师应邀参加了一项基于网络的调查。心理治疗师的治疗方向（行为，人文，心理动力学，或系统），他们的远程心理治疗（网络或电话为基础的）与面对面的心理治疗，涉及个人接触的可比性评级，和潜在的差异，他们的实际经验和以前的期望与远程心理治疗进行了评估。分析了1162名在COVID-19封锁之前和期间执业的心理治疗师的数据。据报道，通过电话或互联网进行的心理治疗与个人接触的心理治疗不完全可比（P<0.001）。心理动力学（P= 0.001）和人文主义（P= 0.005）治疗师报告了电话心理治疗与面对面心理治疗的可比性高于行为治疗师。远程治疗的经验（包括基于网络和电话）比以前预期的更积极（P<.001）。心理动力学治疗师报告了更多的积极经验，以电话为基础的心理治疗比预期相比，行为（P=.03）和系统（P=.002）治疗师。一般来说，基于网络的心理治疗比基于电话的心理治疗更积极（关于个人接触和经验与期望的心理治疗的可比性）（P<0.001）;然而，心理动力学治疗师报告说，他们以前的期望与他们对电话和基于网络的心理治疗的实际经验相等。心理治疗师发现他们的远程心理治疗（即基于网络或电话的心理治疗）的经验比预期的要好，但发现这种模式并不能完全与面对面的个人接触心理治疗相比。特别是，行为治疗师被发现率电话为基础的心理治疗不如治疗师与其他理论背景。
The current situation around the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures necessary to fight it are creating challenges for psychotherapists, who usually treat patients face-to-face with personal contact. The pandemic is accelerating the use of remote psychotherapy (ie, psychotherapy provided via telephone or the internet). However, some psychotherapists have expressed reservations regarding remote psychotherapy. As psychotherapists are the individuals who determine the frequency of use of remote psychotherapy, the potential of enabling mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic in line with the protective measures to fight COVID-19 can be realized only if psychotherapists are willing to use remote psychotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of psychotherapists with remote psychotherapy in the first weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown in Austria (between March 24 and April 1, 2020). Austrian psychotherapists were invited to take part in a web-based survey. The therapeutic orientations of the psychotherapists (behavioral, humanistic, psychodynamic, or systemic), their rating of the comparability of remote psychotherapy (web- or telephone-based) with face-to-face psychotherapy involving personal contact, and potential discrepancies between their actual experiences and previous expectations with remote psychotherapy were assessed. Data from 1162 psychotherapists practicing before and during the COVID-19 lockdown were analyzed. Psychotherapy conducted via telephone or the internet was reported to not be totally comparable to psychotherapy with personal contact (P<.001). Psychodynamic (P=.001) and humanistic (P=.005) therapists reported a higher comparability of telephone-based psychotherapy to in-person psychotherapy than behavioral therapists. Experiences with remote therapy (both web- and telephone-based) were more positive than previously expected (P<.001). Psychodynamic therapists reported more positive experiences with telephone-based psychotherapy than expected compared to behavioral (P=.03) and systemic (P=.002) therapists. In general, web-based psychotherapy was rated more positively (regarding comparability to psychotherapy with personal contact and experiences vs expectations) than telephone-based psychotherapy (P<.001); however, psychodynamic therapists reported their previous expectations to be equal to their actual experiences for both telephone- and web-based psychotherapy. Psychotherapists found their experiences with remote psychotherapy (ie, web- or telephone-based psychotherapy) to be better than expected but found that this mode was not totally comparable to face-to-face psychotherapy with personal contact. Especially, behavioral therapists were found to rate telephone-based psychotherapy less favorably than therapists with other theoretical backgrounds.
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