Evolutionary innovations driving abiotic stress tolerance in C4 grasses and cereals.
Evolutionary innovations driving abiotic stress tolerance in C4 grasses and cereals.
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DOI：
10.1093/plcell/koab205
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发表时间：
2021-11-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
VanBuren R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pardo J;VanBuren R
草地在陆地景观中占主导地位，草类进化出复杂而优雅的策略来克服非生物压力。C4草特别耐受压力，在热带和干燥的温带生态系统中茁壮成长。越来越多的证据表明，仅有C4光合作用的存在不足以解释牧草的抗旱能力，并指出其他适应作用也有助于耐性特征。金龟亚科的大多数牧草对干旱、盐分和干燥都有耐受性，这使得这个亚科成为一个韧性的中枢。在这里，我们讨论了使C4草具有如此韧性的进化创新，并特别强调了来自金龟亚科(绿豆科)和盘草亚科(拟豆科)的草。我们认为，在一个基线水平的适应能力，使他们在恶劣的栖息地定居，这些环境驱动的选择压力，使非生物的胁迫耐受性特征的反复进化。此外，我们认为，缺乏对胁迫环境的进化途径是主要C4作物与其野生近亲相比抗逆性相对较差的部分原因。我们认为，类氯作物及其亚科在更广泛的意义上代表着一个尚未开发的水库，用于提高谷物对干旱和其他非生物胁迫的抗逆性。拟豆科牧草已经进化出对不利环境的独特适应能力，是提高谷物对干旱和其他非生物胁迫的抵抗力的未被开发的水库。
Grasslands dominate the terrestrial landscape, and grasses have evolved complex and elegant strategies to overcome abiotic stresses. The C4 grasses are particularly stress tolerant and thrive in tropical and dry temperate ecosystems. Growing evidence suggests that the presence of C4 photosynthesis alone is insufficient to account for drought resilience in grasses, pointing to other adaptations as contributing to tolerance traits. The majority of grasses from the Chloridoideae subfamily are tolerant to drought, salt, and desiccation, making this subfamily a hub of resilience. Here, we discuss the evolutionary innovations that make C4 grasses so resilient, with a particular emphasis on grasses from the Chloridoideae (chloridoid) and Panicoideae (panicoid) subfamilies. We propose that a baseline level of resilience in chloridoid ancestors allowed them to colonize harsh habitats, and these environments drove selective pressure that enabled the repeated evolution of abiotic stress tolerance traits. Furthermore, we suggest that a lack of evolutionary access to stressful environments is partially responsible for the relatively poor stress resilience of major C4 crops compared to their wild relatives. We propose that chloridoid crops and the subfamily more broadly represent an untapped reservoir for improving resilience to drought and other abiotic stresses in cereals. Chloridoid grasses have evolved unique adaptations to adverse environments and represent an untapped reservoir for improving resilience to drought and other abiotic stresses in cereals.
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