Solar Intensity X-Ray and Particle Spectrometer SIXS: Instrument Design and First Results

Solar Intensity X-Ray and Particle Spectrometer SIXS: Instrument Design and First Results
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太阳强度 X 射线和粒子光谱仪 SIXS:仪器设计和初步结果

DOI:
10.1007/s11214-020-00717-3
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发表时间:
2020
影响因子:
10.3
通讯作者:
Huovelin J
Huovelin J
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Huovelin J

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比普科伦坡水星行星轨道器(“BEPI”)上的太阳强度X射线和粒子光谱仪(SIXS)测量了撞击赫平均数表面并与之相互作用的直接太阳X射线、高能质子和电子。这种相互作用导致X射线的荧光和散射,以及粒子诱导的X射线发射(PIXE),即X射线中表面的“发光”。同时监测入射和发射的辐射能够得出某些化学元素的丰度和行星最外层的散射特性,并可能揭示其他X射线发射源,例如由于水星外圈中微弱的类似极光的现象。比佩科伦坡号上的MIXS仪器的主要任务是绘制赫平均X射线发射率图。SIXS数据还将用于调查太阳X射线日冕和太阳高能粒子(SEP),在巡航阶段和到达水星轨道之前的地球、金星和水星经过阶段,以及在水星轨道的最后科学阶段。这些观测首次提供了在远离地球的内太阳系多个地点,更广泛地在水星轨道上对SEPS的传播、它们与行星际磁场的相互作用以及空间天气现象进行现场测量的机会。在本文中,我们描述了在比皮科伦坡号上发射到水星任务的最终SIXS仪器的科学目标、设计和校准、工作原理和科学性能。我们还提供了在2018-19年近地调试阶段和早期巡航阶段运行期间使用SIXS进行的科学观测的第一批分析结果,包括使用SIXS X射线探测系统(SIXS-X)进行的背景X射线天空观测和太阳的“第一光”观测,以及使用SIXS粒子探测系统(SIXS-P)进行的高能电子和质子的现场观测。
The Solar Intensity X-ray and particle Spectrometer (SIXS) on the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter (“Bepi”) measures the direct solar X-rays, energetic protons, and electrons that bombard, and interact with, the Hermean surface. The interactions result in X-ray fluorescence and scattering, and particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE), i.e. “glow” of the surface in X-rays. Simultaneous monitoring of the incident and emitted radiation enables derivation of the abundances of some chemical elements and scattering properties of the outermost surface layer of the planet, and it may reveal other sources of X-ray emission, due to, for example, weak aurora-like phenomena in Mercury’s exosphere. Mapping of the Hermean X-ray emission is the main task of the MIXS instrument onboard BepiColombo. SIXS data will also be used for investigations of the solar X-ray corona and solar energetic particles (SEP), both in the cruise phase and the passes of the Earth, Venus and Mercury before the arrival at Mercury’s orbit, and the final science phase at Mercury’s orbit. These observations provide the first-ever opportunity for in-situ measurements of the propagation of SEPs, their interactions with the interplanetary magnetic field, and space weather phenomena in multiple locations throughout the inner solar system far away from the Earth, and more extensively at Mercury’s orbit.In this paper we describe the scientific objectives, design and calibrations, operational principles, and scientific performance of the final SIXS instrument launched to the mission to planet Mercury onboard BepiColombo. We also provide the first analysis results of science observations with SIXS, that were made during the Near-Earth Commissioning Phase and early cruise phase operations in 2018–19, including the background X-ray sky observations and “first light” observations of the Sun with the SIXS X-ray detection system (SIXS-X), and in-situ energetic electron and proton observations with the SIXS Particle detection system (SIXS-P).
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