Structural basis of the stereoselective formation of the spirooxindole ring in the biosynthesis of citrinadins.

Structural basis of the stereoselective formation of the spirooxindole ring in the biosynthesis of citrinadins.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-021-24421-0
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发表时间:
2021-07-06
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Gao X
Gao X
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu Z;Zhao F;Zhao B;Yang J;Ferrara J;Sankaran B;Venkataram Prasad BV;Kundu BB;Phillips GN Jr;Gao Y;Hu L;Zhu T;Gao X

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具有螺吲哚环的异戊二烯化吲哚生物碱具有 3R 或 3S 碳立构中心,这决定了这些化合物的生物活性。尽管与有机合成相比,螺吲哚生物合成具有立体选择性优势,但控制 3R 或 3S-螺吲哚形成的生物催化机制一直难以捉摸。在这里,我们报告了一种加氧酶/半频那醇酶 CtdE,它指定了 21R-citrinadin A 生物合成中的 3S-spiroxoxindole 结构。CtdE 与底物和辅因子的高分辨率 X 射线晶体结构,连同定点诱变和计算研究,说明了可能的 β 面环氧化的催化机制,随后是环氧化物中间体的区域选择性塌陷,从而触发半频哪醇重排形成 3S-螺吲哚。将 CtdE 与催化 3R-螺吲哚形成的 PhqK 进行比较,我们揭示了 CtdE 在特定 3S 螺环化中的进化分支。我们的研究提供了对立体选择性催化机制的更深入的了解,这对于合成螺吲哚药物的生物催化设计非常重要。异戊二烯化吲哚生物碱含有具有3R或3S碳立构中心的螺吲哚环,这决定了它们的生物活性,但控制3R-或3S-螺吲哚形成的生物催化机制尚不清楚。在此,作者报告了加氧酶/半频那醇酶 CtdE 的生化和结构特征,该酶在 21R-citrinadin A 生物合成中催化 3S-spiroxindole 构建。
Prenylated indole alkaloids featuring spirooxindole rings possess a 3R or 3S carbon stereocenter, which determines the bioactivities of these compounds. Despite the stereoselective advantages of spirooxindole biosynthesis compared with those of organic synthesis, the biocatalytic mechanism for controlling the 3R or 3S-spirooxindole formation has been elusive. Here, we report an oxygenase/semipinacolase CtdE that specifies the 3S-spirooxindole construction in the biosynthesis of 21R-citrinadin A. High-resolution X-ray crystal structures of CtdE with the substrate and cofactor, together with site-directed mutagenesis and computational studies, illustrate the catalytic mechanisms for the possible β-face epoxidation followed by a regioselective collapse of the epoxide intermediate, which triggers semipinacol rearrangement to form the 3S-spirooxindole. Comparing CtdE with PhqK, which catalyzes the formation of the 3R-spirooxindole, we reveal an evolutionary branch of CtdE in specific 3S spirocyclization. Our study provides deeper insights into the stereoselective catalytic machinery, which is important for the biocatalysis design to synthesize spirooxindole pharmaceuticals. Prenylated indole alkaloids contain spirooxindole rings with a 3R or 3S carbon stereocenter, which determines their bioactivities, but the biocatalytic mechanism controlling the 3R- or 3S-spirooxindole formation was unclear. Here, the authors report the biochemical and structural characterization of the oxygenase/semipinacolase CtdE that catalyses the 3S-spirooxindole construction in the biosynthesis of 21R-citrinadin A.
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