Implicit expectations influence target detection in children and adults.

Implicit expectations influence target detection in children and adults.
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隐性期望影响儿童和成人的目标检测

DOI:
10.1111/desc.12402
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Sussman
Sussman
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ruhnau;Schröger;Sussman

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当声音在可预测的时间发生时,它的处理效率会更高。声流入时间结构的可预测性已被发现影响年轻人事件相关电位的P3b,因此,与较难预测的输入相比,高度可预测的输入导致较早的P3b峰潜伏期。在我们的研究中,我们想要调查可预测性对以P3b为指标的儿童(10-12岁)和年轻人目标加工的影响。为了做到这一点,我们使用了一个奇怪的范例,带有两个可预测性条件(高和低)。在高可预测性条件下,高音目标音大部分时间出现在五声模式的第五位置(在四个低音非目标音之后),而在低可预测性条件下,没有实施这样的规则。目标音在2、3、4、5或6个非目标音之后随机出现。在两个年龄组中,对可预测目标的反应时间都快于对不可预测目标的反应时间。值得注意的是,这种影响在儿童中最大。与行为反应相一致的是,两组靶点诱发的P3b反应的起始潜伏期在可预测条件下早于不可预测条件。然而,只有儿童对可预测目标的潜伏期峰值反应明显提前。我们的结果表明,目标刺激可预测性提高了儿童和成人的处理速度,即使可预测性只是从刺激统计数据隐含地推导出来的。儿童确实有更大的可预测性影响,似乎更多地受益于目标检测的可预测性。
When a sound occurs at a predictable time, it gets processed more efficiently. Predictability of the temporal structure of acoustic inflow has been found to influence the P3b of event‐related potentials in young adults, such that highly predictable compared to less predictable input leads to earlier P3b peak latencies. In our study, we wanted to investigate the influence of predictability on target processing indexed by the P3b in children (10–12 years old) and young adults. To do that, we used an oddball paradigm with two conditions of predictability (high and low). In the High‐predictability condition, a high‐pitched target tone occurred most of the time in the fifth position of a five‐tone pattern (after four low‐pitched non‐target sounds), whereas in the Low‐predictability condition, no such rule was implemented. The target tone occurred randomly following 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 non‐target tones. In both age groups, reaction time to predictable targets was faster than to non‐predictable targets. Remarkably, this effect was largest in children. Consistent with the behavioral responses, the onset latency of the P3b response elicited by targets in both groups was earlier in the predictable than the unpredictable conditions. However, only the children had significantly earlier peak latency responses for predictable targets. Our results demonstrate that target stimulus predictability increases processing speed in children and adults even when predictability was only implicitly derived by the stimulus statistics. Children did have larger effects of predictability, seeming to benefit more from predictability for target detection.
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