Interpersonal effects of suffering in older adult caregiving relationships.
Interpersonal effects of suffering in older adult caregiving relationships.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0016355
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发表时间：
2009-09
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Schulz, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Monin, Joan K.;Schulz, Richard
在家庭照顾的背景下研究痛苦对人际的影响是更广泛地了解痛苦如何影响人类的重要一步。在这篇综述文章中，我们首先描述了现有的证据，表明暴露于被看护者的痛苦（概念化为心理困扰、身体症状和存在/精神困扰）会直接影响看护者的情绪体验。根据过去的理论和研究，我们提出，照顾者通过认知同理心、模仿和条件学习等机制，在应对被照顾者遭受的痛苦时体验到类似的、互补的和/或防御性的情绪，使照顾者面临心理和身体发病的风险。然后，我们描述性别、关系亲密程度、护理效能和情绪调节的个体差异如何调节这些过程。最后，我们为未来的研究提供了方向，以加深我们对老年人人际现象的理解，并讨论了临床干预措施对减轻护理者和护理接受者痛苦的影响。
Examining the interpersonal effects of suffering in the context of family caregiving is an important step to a broader understanding of how exposure to suffering affects humans. In this review article, we first describe existing evidence that being exposed to the suffering of a care recipient (conceptualized as psychological distress, physical symptoms, and existential/spiritual distress) directly influences caregivers’ emotional experiences. Drawing from past theory and research, we propose that caregivers experience similar, complementary, and/or defensive emotions in response to care recipient suffering through mechanisms such as cognitive empathy, mimicry, and conditioned learning, placing caregivers at risk for psychological and physical morbidity. We then describe how gender, relationship closeness, caregiving efficacy, and individual differences in emotion regulation moderate these processes. Finally, we provide directions for future research to deepen our understanding of interpersonal phenomena among older adults, and we discuss implications for clinical interventions to alleviate the suffering of both caregivers and care recipients.
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