A probabilistic approach to ship voyage reconstruction in ICOADS

A probabilistic approach to ship voyage reconstruction in ICOADS
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ICOADS 中船舶航程重建的概率方法

DOI:
10.1002/joc.4492
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
International Journal of Climatology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Carella G
Carella G
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carella G

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国际海洋大气综合数据集(ICOADS)提供了过去大约150年的表层海洋观测的主要档案。ICOADS船舶标识符(ID)信息经常缺失或无法使用,导致无法将报告链接到单个船舶。提出了一种基于ICOADS的船舶航次重建方法,通过该方法可以将多组报告与单个船舶或船舶航迹相关联。该方法定义了一个函数,表示与一组报表关联的任何特定报表的概率密度函数(pdf)。pdf的参数是从船舶数据本身计算出来的,给出了垂直于其总体航行方向的船舶报告的可能变化。对于具有ID信息的报告组,PDF用于将没有ID信息的报告与已知ID跟踪相关联。然后将没有ID信息的报告聚集在一起,形成最可能的轨迹。结果显示为1855年至1969年期间。在跟踪之后,与跟踪相关的报告百分比和这些跟踪的长度都大大增加了。通过目视检查对结果进行初步验证:然后对模型实现进行改进以改进结果。通过演示该方法将具有相似海面温度特征的报告聚集在一起,增加了跟踪的可信度。发现数据中的问题是实现跟踪技术的主要挑战之一。遇到的特殊问题包括一些位置信息的粗分辨率;在空间或时间上定位错误的报告;不明重复报告;以及不同ICOADS采集源之间的航行碎片化。其中一些影响可以通过对ICOADS报告进行预处理来改善,但是要进一步改进,需要对ICOADS的历史输入源进行全面的再处理。
The International Comprehensive Ocean‐Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) provides the main archive for surface marine observations for the past approximately 150 years. ICOADS ship identifier (ID) information is often missing or unusable, preventing the linking of reports to an individual ship. A method for the reconstruction of ship voyages in ICOADS is presented, by which groups of reports can be associated with an individual ship or ship track. The method defines a function representing the probability density function (pdf) of any particular report being associated with a group of reports. The parameters of the pdf are calculated from the ship data themselves, giving the likely variation of a ship report perpendicular to its overall direction of travel. For groups of reports with ID information, the PDF is used to associate reports without ID information with the known‐ID track. Reports without ID information are then clustered together to form the most probable track. Results are shown for the period 1855–1969. Both the percentage of reports associated with tracks and the length of those tracks increase substantially following tracking. Initial validation of the results was performed by visual inspection: the model implementation was then refined to improve the results. Confidence in the tracking is increased by a demonstration that the method clusters together reports with similar sea surface temperature characteristics. Issues in the data were found to be one of the main challenges in implementing the tracking technique. Particular problems encountered included the coarse resolution of some position information; reports that were mispositioned in either space or time; unidentified duplicate reports; and the fragmentation of voyages between different ICOADS acquisition sources. Some of these effects could be ameliorated by pre‐processing of ICOADS reports, however a full reprocessing of the historical input sources to ICOADS would be required to make further improvements.
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