The exportomer: the peroxisomal receptor export machinery

The exportomer: the peroxisomal receptor export machinery
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输出体:过氧化物酶体受体输出机制

DOI:
10.1007/s00018-012-1136-9
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
8
通讯作者:
R. Erdmann
R. Erdmann
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Harald W. Platta;Stefanie Hagen;R. Erdmann

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过氧化物酶体构成几乎所有真核细胞的动态区室。根据环境变化和细胞需求,过氧化物酶体可以获得不同的代谢作用。过氧化物酶体基质酶的区室化是实现其生理功能的先决条件。基质蛋白在胞质溶胶中的游离核糖体上合成,并通过特异性可溶性受体转运到过氧化物酶体膜。在货物释放到过氧化物酶体基质中之后,受体被输出回到细胞溶质以促进进一步的基质蛋白质输入。这一错位步骤是由一个了不起的机制完成的,该机制包括泛素化所需的酶以及受体从膜上的ATP依赖性提取。有趣的是,受体泛素化和错位是过氧化物酶体基质蛋白输入过程中唯一已知的能量依赖性步骤。目前的观点是,出口机械的受体可能作为分子马达不仅在错位的受体,但也在进口步骤的过氧化物酶体基质蛋白耦合ATP依赖性去除过氧化物酶体进口受体与货物易位到细胞器。在这篇综述中,我们将集中在结构和功能的过氧化物酶体受体输出机制,过氧化物酶体exportomer。
Peroxisomes constitute a dynamic compartment of almost all eukaryotic cells. Depending on environmental changes and cellular demands peroxisomes can acquire diverse metabolic roles. The compartmentalization of peroxisomal matrix enzymes is a prerequisite to carry out their physiologic function. The matrix proteins are synthesized on free ribosomes in the cytosol and are ferried to the peroxisomal membrane by specific soluble receptors. Subsequent to cargo release into the peroxisomal matrix, the receptors are exported back to the cytosol to facilitate further rounds of matrix protein import. This dislocation step is accomplished by a remarkable machinery, which comprises enzymes required for the ubiquitination as well as the ATP-dependent extraction of the receptor from the membrane. Interestingly, receptor ubiquitination and dislocation are the only known energy-dependent steps in the peroxisomal matrix protein import process. The current view is that the export machinery of the receptors might function as molecular motor not only in the dislocation of the receptors but also in the import step of peroxisomal matrix protein by coupling ATP-dependent removal of the peroxisomal import receptor with cargo translocation into the organelle. In this review we will focus on the architecture and function of the peroxisomal receptor export machinery, the peroxisomal exportomer.
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