Hot or hungry? A tipping point in the effect of prey depletion on African wild dogs
Hot or hungry? A tipping point in the effect of prey depletion on African wild dogs
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热还是饿？
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110043
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Goodheart, Ben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Creel, Scott;Becker, Matthew S.;de Merkle, Johnathan Reyes;Goodheart, Ben
种间竞争有很强的影响，在食肉动物公会，非洲野狗强烈限制intraguild捕食狮子和食物损失斑点鬣狗。这些占主导地位的竞争对手的密度与猎物密度密切相关，由于诱捕的猎物枯竭是导致整个非洲的顶级食肉动物下降。作为诱捕的结果，像非洲野狗和猎豹这样的下级竞争者同时经历了猎物减少的代价和竞争对手减少的好处。净效应难以预测。在这里，我们描述了一个以前未被认识到的临界点猎物密度野狗密度的影响。在这个临界点以上，野狗的密度随着猎物密度的降低而增加，因为竞争性释放的好处超过了猎物耗尽的代价。在这个临界点以下，野狗的密度随着猎物密度的降低而降低，因为猎物耗尽的代价超过了竞争性释放的好处。野狗的保护策略必须认识到这一临界点。由于诱捕造成的猎物枯竭变得严重，它限制了野狗（中型食肉动物），就像狮子和斑点鬣狗（顶级食肉动物）一样。最近基于时间趋势的分析认为，气候变化很可能导致野狗种群崩溃。我们认为，猎物枯竭提供了一个机制上的直接解释模式野狗的动态，已归因于气候变化，猎物枯竭的影响很可能去未被识别的猎物密度的趋势数据的情况下。
Interspecific competition has strong effects within carnivore guilds, and African wild dogs are strongly limited by intraguild predation by lions and food loss to spotted hyenas. The densities of these dominant competitors correlate tightly with prey density, and prey depletion due to snaring is contributing to declines of apex carnivores across Africa. As a consequence of snaring, subordinate competitors like the African wild dog and cheetah are simultaneously experiencing a costly reduction in prey and a beneficial reduction of competitors. The net effect is difficult to predict. Here, we describe a previously unrecognized tipping point in the effect of prey density on wild dog density. Above this tipping point, wild dog density increases as prey density decreases, because the benefits of competitive release outweigh the costs of prey depletion. Below this tipping point, wild dog density decreases as prey density decreases, because the costs of prey depletion outweigh the benefits of competitive release. Conservation strategies for wild dogs must recognize this tipping point. As prey depletion due to snaring becomes severe, it limits wild dogs (mesocarnivores), just as it does lions and spotted hyenas (apex carnivores). Recent analyses based on time trends have argued that climate change is likely to cause wild dog populations to collapse. We suggest that prey depletion provides a mechanistically direct explanation of patterns in wild dog dynamics that have been attributed to climate change, and that the effects of prey depletion are likely to go unrecognized in the absence of data on trends in prey density.
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