Using AI and ML to optimize information discovery in under-utilized, Holocaust-related records

Using AI and ML to optimize information discovery in under-utilized, Holocaust-related records
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使用人工智能和机器学习优化未充分利用的大屠杀相关记录中的信息发现

DOI:
10.1007/s00146-021-01368-w
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Carter K
Carter K
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Carter K

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数字文化资产通常被认为存在于基于其两个主要起源点的不同领域:数字化和天生数字化。数字策展的进步正在逐渐模糊这一二分法,因为它引入了所谓的“收藏即数据”,无论其起源如何,都使文化资产更适合于新的计算工具和方法的应用。本文汇集了档案管理员,学者和技术专家,展示了使用人工智能(AI)和机器学习(ML)技术对数字文化资产的计算处理,这些技术可以帮助解锁难以获取的档案内容。它描述了一项扩展的、迭代的研究,应用于罗斯福总统图书馆收藏的数字化和数据化的二战时期记录,遗憾的是,研究美国对大屠杀反应的学者没有充分利用这些丰富的内容。作者详细介绍了跨学科合作在评估用户需求,识别和应用工具和方法(包括通过对象检测的ML和通过命名实体识别或NER的AI)以及实现公众访问增强数据的现实世界结果方面的好处。他们还讨论了数字表示,关系上下文和界面设计的问题,使公共和学术访问的新模式。虽然基于案例研究,但我们认为这项工作对揭示在文化组织中使用AI/ML系统的优势和劣势做出了重大贡献。我们特别注意吸取的经验教训,并概括了在广泛的集合类别中采取的方法,重点是响应式迭代,可重复性以及数据及其结构与用户的相关性。
Digital cultural assets are often thought to exist in separate spheres based on their two principal points of origin: digitized and born digital. Increasingly, advances in digital curation are blurring this dichotomy, by introducing so-called “collections as data,” which regardless of their origination make cultural assets more amenable to the application of new computational tools and methodologies. This paper brings together archivists, scholars, and technologists to demonstrate computational treatments of digital cultural assets using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques that can help unlock hard-to-reach archival content. It describes an extended, iterative study applied to digitized and datafied WWII-era records housed at the FDR Presidential Library, rich content that is regrettably under-utilized by scholars examining American responses to the Holocaust. Authors detail the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration for evaluating user needs, identifying and applying tools and methodologies (including ML through object detection and AI through Named Entity Recognition or NER), and reaching the real-world outcome of public access to augmented data. They also discuss issues of digital representation, relational context, and interface design to enable new modes of public and scholarly access. While based on a case study, we believe that this work is a substantial contribution to revealing the strengths and weaknesses of using AI/ML systems in cultural organizations. We give particular care to lessons learned, and generalize the approach taken across broad classes of collections with a focus on responsive iterations, reproducibility, and the relevance of data and its structures to users.
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