Neolithic culinary traditions revealed by cereal, milk and meat lipids in pottery from Scottish crannogs.
Neolithic culinary traditions revealed by cereal, milk and meat lipids in pottery from Scottish crannogs.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-022-32286-0
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发表时间：
2022-09-06
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
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英国的谷物种植可以追溯到公元前4000年左右，可能是由欧洲大陆的移民农民引进的。在考古记录中出现了广泛的牲畜证据，也反映在陶器有机残留物中无处不在的乳制品脂质上。然而，尽管有驯化植物（如谷物）的考古植物学证据，有机残留的证据几乎没有。我们的方法，针对低丰度的谷物特异性标记，现在已经在苏格兰“克兰诺格”的新石器时代陶器中发现了谷物（表明小麦）的证据，可以追溯到公元前3600 - 3300年。它们与乳制品的联系表明，谷物可能经常被制成以牛奶为基础的粥。我们还观察到乳制品的出现和小口血管之间有很强的联系。在这里，我们证明了谷物特定标记可以在烹饪锅中存活数千年，揭示了该地区考古植物学记录中几乎没有的特定谷物（小麦）的消费，并阐明了早期农业社区的烹饪传统。尽管有驯化谷物的考古植物学证据，但有机残留的证据很少。在这里，作者在苏格兰“克兰诺格”陶器中发现了谷物特异性标记，揭示了新石器时代陶器中谷物的存在，这些谷物可能与乳制品混合在一起，形成牛奶粥。
Cereal cultivation in Britain dates back to ca. 4000 BCE, probably introduced by migrant farmers from continental Europe. Widespread evidence for livestock appears in the archaeozoological record, also reflected by ubiquitous dairy lipids in pottery organic residues. However, despite archaeobotanical evidence for domesticated plants (such as cereals), organic residue evidence has been near-absent. Our approach, targeting low-abundance cereal-specific markers, has now revealed evidence for cereals (indicating wheat) in Neolithic pottery from Scottish ‘crannogs’, dating to ca. 3600 – 3300 BCE. Their association with dairy products suggests cereals may have been regularly prepared together as a milk-based gruel. We also observed a strong association between the occurrence of dairy products and smaller-mouthed vessels. Here, we demonstrate that cereal-specific markers can survive in cooking pots for millennia, revealing the consumption of specific cereals (wheat) that are virtually absent from the archaeobotanical record for this region and illuminating culinary traditions among early farming communities. Despite archaeobotanical evidence for domesticated cereals, organic residue evidence is scarce. Here, the authors identify cereal-specific markers in pottery from Scottish ‘crannogs’, revealing the presence of cereals in Neolithic pottery which might have been mixed with dairy products as a milk-based gruel.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
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