Age differences in reaction time and attention in a national telephone sample of adults: education, sex, and task complexity matter.
Age differences in reaction time and attention in a national telephone sample of adults: education, sex, and task complexity matter.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0012845
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发表时间：
2008-09
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Lachman, Margie E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tun, Patricia A.;Lachman, Margie E.
这项研究表明，年龄，教育和性别对复杂反应时的影响，在一个大的国家样本（N=3616），年龄（32-85）和教育的范围很广。参与者通过电话完成了加速听觉任务（来自MIDUS停止和继续切换任务）。复杂性范围从一个简单的重复任务到一个交替的任务，涉及中央执行过程，包括开关和抑制控制。复杂性的增加与老年人、受教育程度较低的人和女性的反应较慢有关，即使在控制了健康状况的差异之后。更高的教育水平与成年后更高的中央执行效率相关：总体而言，拥有大学学位的成年人在复杂任务上的表现就像受教育程度较低的人，他们比他们年轻10岁，直到75岁。这些研究结果表明，高等教育可以缓和复杂的快速任务，需要中央执行过程的年龄差异，至少到老年时，生物衰退占主导地位。该方法证明了将实验室范例与调查方法相结合的实用性，从而能够在整个生命周期内研究更大，更多样化和更具代表性的样本。
This study demonstrated effects of age, education, and gender on complex reaction time in a large national sample (N=3616) with a wide range in age (32–85) and education. Participants completed speeded auditory tasks (from the MIDUS Stop and Go Switch Task) by telephone. Complexity ranged from a simple repeated task to an alternating task that involved central executive processes including switching and inhibitory control. Increased complexity was associated with slower responses in older adults, those with lower education, and females, even after controlling for differences in health status. Higher levels of education were associated with greater central executive efficiency across adulthood: overall, adults with college degrees performed on complex tasks like less-educated individuals who were 10 years younger, up to age 75. These findings suggest that advanced education can moderate age differences on complex speeded tasks that require central executive processes, at least up to the point in old age at which biological declines predominate. The approach demonstrates the utility of combining laboratory paradigms with survey methods, to enable the study of larger, more diverse and representative samples across the lifespan.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Anstey, K;Christensen, H
通讯作者：
Christensen, H
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
Christensen, H;Hofer, SM;Henderson, AS
通讯作者：
Henderson, AS
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Albert, MS;Savage, CR;Rowe, JW
通讯作者：
Rowe, JW
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Alley, Dawn;Suthers, Kristen;Crimmins, Eileen
通讯作者：
Crimmins, Eileen
DOI：
10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2004.02.010
发表时间：
2004-07-01
期刊：
COGNITIVE BRAIN RESEARCH
影响因子：
--
作者：
Grabner, RH;Fink, A;Neubauer, AC
通讯作者：
Neubauer, AC