Making sense of misfortune: deservingness, self-esteem, and patterns of self-defeat.
Making sense of misfortune: deservingness, self-esteem, and patterns of self-defeat.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0036640
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发表时间：
2014-07
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Dawtry RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Callan MJ;Kay AC;Dawtry RJ
理论和研究表明，人们有动力将自己的世界视为一个有序且可预测的地方，在这个地方人们得到他们应得的东西，作者提出，（a）随机且无法控制的不良结果会降低自尊，（b）这反过来会导致采用自我挫败的信念和行为。四项实验表明，经历或回忆起不好的（与好的）休息的参与者会贬低他们的自尊（研究 1a 和 1b），而自尊的减少（无论是通过不幸还是失败经历实现）会增加他们应得的坏结果的信念（研究 1a、1b、2a、2b）。五项研究（研究 3-7）扩展了这些发现，表明这反过来会产生一系列自欺欺人的信念和行为，包括在能力测试之前声称自我设限（研究 3）、偏好他人对自己不利的看法（研究 4-5）、长期的自我设限和身体自残的想法（研究 6）以及选择在能力测试期间接受负面反馈（研究 3）。 7).目前的研究结果强调了对应得性的担忧在低自尊与自我挫败的信念和行为模式之间的联系中发挥着重要作用。讨论了这些发现的理论和实践意义。
Drawing on theorizing and research suggesting that people are motivated to view their world as an orderly and predictable place in which people get what they deserve, the authors proposed that (a) random and uncontrollable bad outcomes will lower self-esteem and (b) this, in turn, will lead to the adoption of self-defeating beliefs and behaviors. Four experiments demonstrated that participants who experienced or recalled bad (vs. good) breaks devalued their self-esteem (Studies 1a and 1b), and that decrements in self-esteem (whether arrived at through misfortune or failure experience) increase beliefs about deserving bad outcomes (Studies 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b). Five studies (Studies 3–7) extended these findings by showing that this, in turn, can engender a wide array of self-defeating beliefs and behaviors, including claimed self-handicapping ahead of an ability test (Study 3), the preference for others to view the self less favorably (Studies 4–5), chronic self-handicapping and thoughts of physical self-harm (Study 6), and choosing to receive negative feedback during an ability test (Study 7). The current findings highlight the important role that concerns about deservingness play in the link between lower self-esteem and patterns of self-defeating beliefs and behaviors. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Callan, Mitchell J.;Harvey, Annelie J.;Sutton, Robbie M.
通讯作者：
Sutton, Robbie M.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
DION, KL;DION, KK
通讯作者：
DION, KK
DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-800052-6.00002-0
发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 49
影响因子：
--
作者：
Callan, Mitchell J.;Sutton, Robbie M.;Dawtry, Rael J.
通讯作者：
Dawtry, Rael J.
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Callan, Mitchell J.;Shead, N. Will;Olson, James M.
通讯作者：
Olson, James M.
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
DIENER, E;DIENER, M
通讯作者：
DIENER, M