Life on the edge: Hawaiian model for coral evolution

Life on the edge: Hawaiian model for coral evolution
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边缘生命:夏威夷珊瑚进化模型

DOI:
10.1002/lno.12181
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Cleves, Phillip A.
Cleves, Phillip A.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bhattacharya, Debashish;Stephens, Timothy G.;Tinoco, Amanda I.;Richmond, Robert H.;Cleves, Phillip A.

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由于气候变化和其他人为应激源造成的珊瑚礁退化和丧失,推动了基因组学、蛋白质组学和遗传学研究,以研究珊瑚应激反应途径,并确定具有弹性的物种、基因类型和种群,以恢复这些生物多样性的生态系统。许多研究和保护工作都集中在分类最丰富的地区,如澳大利亚的大堡礁和西太平洋的珊瑚三角,这是可以理解的。这些生态系统类似于热带雨林,也拥有巨大的生物多样性和不同营养水平之间复杂的生物相互作用。研究珊瑚礁生物学的另一个模式生态系统是存在于印度洋-太平洋珊瑚分布北缘的夏威夷群岛中物种相对较少但丰富的珊瑚礁。夏威夷群岛是世界上最与世隔绝的群岛,在地理上与其他太平洋岛礁系统隔绝。该地区有约80种硬珊瑚,分属于三个优势属(波利特珊瑚属、单孢目珊瑚属和多孔目珊瑚属)。在这里,我们简要回顾有关夏威夷珊瑚动物群的知识,重点放在我们的模式物种--水稻珊瑚--头状单孢藻。我们认为,这个更简单、相对孤立的珊瑚礁系统为利用多组学和遗传工具促进珊瑚生物学和保护提供了一个理想的平台。
Degradation and loss of coral reefs due to climate change and other anthropogenic stressors has fueled genomics, proteomics, and genetics research to investigate coral stress response pathways and to identify resilient species, genotypes, and populations to restore these biodiverse ecosystems. Much of the research and conservation effort has understandably focused on the most taxonomically rich regions, such as the Great Barrier Reef in Australia and the Coral Triangle in the western Pacific. These ecosystems are analogous to tropical rainforests that also house enormous biodiversity and complex biotic interactions among different trophic levels. An alternative model ecosystem for studying coral reef biology is the relatively species poor but abundant coral reefs in the Hawaiian Archipelago that exist at the northern edge of the Indo‐Pacific coral distribution. The Hawaiian Islands are the world's most isolated archipelago, geographically isolated from other Pacific reef systems. This region houses about 80 species of scleractinian corals in three dominant genera (Porites,Montipora, andPocillopora). Here we briefly review knowledge about the Hawaiian coral fauna with a focus on our model species, the rice coralMontipora capitata. We suggest that this simpler, relatively isolated reef system provides an ideal platform for advancing coral biology and conservation using multi‐omics and genetic tools.
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