Recurrent evolution of extreme longevity in bats
Recurrent evolution of extreme longevity in bats
复制标题
蝙蝠极端长寿的循环进化
DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2018.0860
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
D. Adams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Wilkinson;D. Adams
蝙蝠比类似大小的哺乳动物活得更长，但独立进化出极端长寿的谱系的数量此前尚未确定。在这里，我们在最近的分子系统发育上重建了尺寸校正寿命的进化，发现至少有四个蝙蝠谱系的寿命是类似大小的胎盘哺乳动物的四倍以上，其中祖先蝙蝠的寿命预计为2.6倍。然后，我们评估了一系列系统发育广义最小二乘模型，该模型包含多达9个变量，假设影响外在死亡率。这些分析表明，体重和冬眠预示着长寿。在冬眠动物中，寿命是由物种范围的中位数纬度绝对值和洞穴使用来预测的，而洞穴使用和性别二态性的缺乏则预测了非冬眠动物的寿命。冬眠对延长寿命的重要性进一步得到了一种极端长寿的谱系的支持，这种谱系不冬眠，但表现出灵活的体温调节，即常见的吸血蝙蝠。我们提出了几种可能使蝙蝠活得这么久的潜在机制，并建议耐受大范围体温的能力对于存活病毒或其他病原体感染可能很重要。
Bats live longer than similar-sized mammals, but the number of lineages that have independently evolved extreme longevity has not previously been determined. Here we reconstruct the evolution of size-corrected longevity on a recent molecular phylogeny and find that at least four lineages of bats have lifespans more than fourfold those of similar-sized placental mammals, with the ancestral bat projected to live 2.6 times as long. We then evaluate a series of phylogenetic generalized least-squares models containing up to nine variables hypothesized to influence extrinsic mortality. These analyses reveal that body mass and hibernation predict longevity. Among hibernators, longevity is predicted by the absolute value of the median latitude of the species range and cave use, while cave use and lack of sexual dimorphism predict longevity among non-hibernators. The importance of torpor in extending lifespan is further supported by the one lineage with extreme longevity that does not hibernate but exhibits flexible thermoregulation, the common vampire bat. We propose several potential mechanisms that may enable bats to live so long, and suggest that the ability to tolerate a wide range of body temperatures could be important for surviving viral or other pathogen infections.
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
Austad, S. N.
通讯作者：
Austad, S. N.