Methusaleh's Zoo: how nature provides us with clues for extending human health span.
Methusaleh's Zoo: how nature provides us with clues for extending human health span.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.10.024
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发表时间：
2010-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Austad, S. N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Austad, S. N.
尽管现代分子生物学家在寻找延长短命模型生物体寿命的基因改变方面取得了令人印象深刻的成就，但与进化产生的寿命的显着多样性相比，这些成就显得苍白无力。现在有明确记录表明，一些动物物种的寿命可以超过四个世纪，甚至一些哺乳动物，如弓头鲸，似乎可以存活 200 年或更长时间。另一类物种可能没有那么绝对长寿，但就其体型和新陈代谢率而言，它们的寿命却非常长。这些物种包括许多蝙蝠，其中一些在野外寿命至少 40 年，以及裸鼹鼠，它们大小相同，但寿命是实验室小鼠的近 10 倍。这些寿命特别长的生物体在我们未来对衰老因果机制和调节的理解中发挥着重要作用。尤其是蝙蝠和裸鼹鼠已经做出了以下贡献：（1）它们促成了生命率理论的放弃，并削弱了对衰老氧化应激假说的热情，（2）它们帮助评估了细胞衰老的肿瘤抑制作用如何受到不同体型和不同寿命进化的影响，（3）它们揭示了特定类型的DNA修复与衰老之间的关系，（4）它们深入了解新过程，特别是蛋白质组的维持以及有关进化如何塑造衰老的假设。基因组测序的不断加速进展以及越来越多的跨物种研究技术的发展将在不久的将来促进这些物种做出更多贡献。
As impressive as the accomplishments of modern molecular biologists have been in finding genetic alterations that lengthen life in short-lived model organisms, they pale in comparison to the remarkable diversity of life spans produced by evolution. Some animal species are now firmly documented to live for more than four centuries and even some mammals, like the bowhead whale, appear to survive 200 years or more. Another group of species may not be as absolutely long-lived, but they are remarkably long-lived for their body size and metabolic rate. These species include a number of bats, some of which live for at least 40 years in the wild, as well as the naked mole-rat, which is the same size, but lives nearly 10 times as long as the laboratory mouse. Together these exceptionally long-lived organisms have important roles to play in our future understanding of the causal mechanisms and modulation of ageing. Bats and naked mole-rats in particular have already contributed in the following ways: (1) they have contributed to the abandonment of the rate-of-living theory and weakened enthusiasm for the oxidative stress hypothesis of ageing, (2) they have helped evaluate how the tumour-suppressing role of cellular senescence is affected by the evolution of diverse body sizes as well as diverse longevities, (3) they have shed light on the relationship between specific types of DNA repair and ageing, and (4) they have yielded insight into new processes, specifically the maintenance of the proteome and hypotheses concerning how evolution shapes ageing. The continuing acceleration of progress in genome sequencing and development of more and more cross-species investigatory techniques will facilitate even more contributions of these species in the near future.
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影响因子：
7.8
作者：
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通讯作者：
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