Imagining wildlife: New technologies and animal censuses, maps and museums

Imagining wildlife: New technologies and animal censuses, maps and museums
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想象野生动物:新技术和动物普查、地图和博物馆

DOI:
10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.07.002
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发表时间:
2016
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Verma A
Verma A
中科院分区:
法学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Verma A

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通过创建电子传感器和人类参与者的网络,新技术塑造了与保护相关的组织监测野生动物的方式。这些网络能够收集被认为是证明保护战略和促进公众支持所必需的数据。我们从英国的保护组织收集了关于他们使用数字技术进行野生动物监测的采访和档案数据。作为检验这些努力的一种概念性手段,我们使用了本尼迪克特安德森(1991)关于人口普查、地图和博物馆的工作,作为实现社区想象的社会工具。通过这一框架的关键应用,技术辅助的野生动物数据的获取被证明为保护组织识别和量化野生动物,概念化动物空间和策划保护叙事的新方法提供了信息。在组织权威的支持下,通过定义、描绘和展示非人类动物世界,新技术有助于动物普查、地图和博物馆的代表性建设。在实践方面,现在可以收集和处理大量新数据,而且成本效益更高。然而,技术的使用也可能是组织受到压力的结果,这些压力要求组织被视为创新和受欢迎,从而使保护合法化。无论哪种方式,人类参与者都被降级为支持而不是参与角色。在更抽象的层面上,与仪器相关的监视规模可以被解读为人类统治力的行使。尽管如此,新技术为保护组织提供了保护野生动物免受剥削的必要手段。
By enabling the creation of networks of electronic sensors and human participants, new technologies have shaped the ways in which conservation-related organisations monitor wildlife. These networks enable the capture of data perceived as necessary to evidence conservation strategies and foster public support. We collected interview and archival data from UK-based conservation organisations with regard to their use of digital technologies for wildlife monitoring. As a conceptual device to examine these efforts, we used Benedict Anderson’s (1991) work on censuses, maps and museums as social instruments that enabled the imagining of communities. Through a critical application of this framework, the technologically-aided acquisition of wildlife data was shown to inform the new ways in which conservation organisations identify and quantify wildlife, conceptualise animal spaces, and curate conservation narratives. In so defining, delineating and displaying the non-human animal world with the backing of organisational authority, new technologies aid in the representational construction of animal censuses, maps and museums. In terms of practice, large amounts of new data can now be gathered and processed more cost-effectively. However, the use of technologies may also be the result of pressures on organisations to legitimise conservation by being seen as innovative and popular. Either way, human participants are relegated to supporting rather than participatory roles. At a more abstract level, the scale of surveillance associated with instrumentation can be read as an exercise of human dominance. Nonetheless, new technologies present conservation organisations with the means necessary for defending wildlife against exploitation.
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