Determinants of Neural Plastic Changes Induced by Motor Practice.
Determinants of Neural Plastic Changes Induced by Motor Practice.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2021.613867
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Kanosue K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dai W;Nakagawa K;Nakajima T;Kanosue K
短期运动练习会导致初级运动皮层 (M1) 的可塑性。本研究的目的是调查运动练习后决定皮质脊髓束（CST）兴奋性增加的因素，特别关注两个因素： “肌肉活动水平”和“是否存在保持活动水平恒定的目标”。十五名健康受试者在不同的疗程中进行了四种类型的快速拇指内收。在“舒适任务”（C）和“强力任务”（F）中，受试者使用舒适且强大的力量内收拇指。在“对目标任务感到舒适”（CG）和“对目标任务有力量”（FG）中，受试者通过将峰值肌电波幅调整在目标范围内，分别将肌肉活动控制在与 C 和 F 相同的水平。配对联想刺激 (PAS) 结合了周围神经（正中神经）刺激和经颅磁刺激 (TMS)，刺激间隔为 25 毫秒 (PAS25)。在运动任务和 PAS25 之前和之后，TMS 应用于 M1。这四项任务都没有表现出任何暂时的行为变化，这意味着没有发生学习。运动诱发电位（MEP）振幅仅在 FG 之后增加，并且与 PAS25 后 MEP 的增加呈正相关，表明 FG 和 PAS25 在 M1 中至少具有相似的可塑性机制。静息运动阈值 (RMT) 仅在 FG 后下降，表明 FG 也与 M1 神经元的膜去极化有关。这些结果表明，任务依赖性可塑性来自强力肌肉活动和设定保持活动水平恒定的目标的协同效应。
Short-term motor practice leads to plasticity in the primary motor cortex (M1). The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that determine the increase in corticospinal tract (CST) excitability after motor practice, with special focus on two factors; “the level of muscle activity” and “the presence/absence of a goal of keeping the activity level constant.” Fifteen healthy subjects performed four types of rapid thumb adduction in separate sessions. In the “comfortable task” (C) and “forceful task” (F), the subjects adducted their thumb using comfortable and strong forces. In the “comfortable with a goal task” (CG) and “forceful with a goal task” (FG), subjects controlled the muscle activity at the same level as in the C and F, respectively, by adjusting the peak electromyographic amplitude within the target ranges. Paired associative stimulation (PAS), which combines peripheral nerve (median nerve) stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), with an inter-stimulus interval of 25 ms (PAS25) was also done. Before and after the motor tasks and PAS25, TMS was applied to the M1. None of the four tasks showed any temporary changes in behavior, meaning no learning occurred. Motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitude increased only after the FG and it exhibited a positive correlation with the MEP increase after PAS25, suggesting that FG and PAS25 share at least similar plasticity mechanisms in the M1. Resting motor threshold (RMT) decreased only after FG, suggesting that FG would also be associated with the membrane depolarization of M1 neurons. These results suggest task-dependent plasticity from the synergistic effect of forceful muscle activity and of setting a goal of keeping the activity level constant.
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