Neuromelanin detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its promise as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease.
Neuromelanin detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and its promise as a biomarker for Parkinson's disease.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41531-018-0047-3
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zecca L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sulzer D;Cassidy C;Horga G;Kang UJ;Fahn S;Casella L;Pezzoli G;Langley J;Hu XP;Zucca FA;Isaias IU;Zecca L
帕金森病(PD)的诊断是在发病机制进展到一定程度后发生的，许多黑质(SN)多巴胺神经元已经死亡。现在，阻止这种神经元丢失的治疗方法正在开发中，当务之急是在早期阶段诊断这种疾病，并监测治疗的反应。最近的研究表明，这可以通过核磁共振成像(MRI)检测神经黑素(NM)和蓝斑(LC)去甲肾上腺素能神经元来实现。NM是一种自噬产物，通过儿茶酚胺的氧化和后续反应合成，在SN和LC中，它在正常老化过程中呈线性增加。然而，在帕金森病患者中，当SN和LC神经元死亡时，色素就会丢失。正如近25年前Zecca和他的同事所展示的那样，NM对铁的狂热结合提供了一个顺磁性源，使电子和核磁共振检测成为可能，从而成为在活的人脑中进行安全和非侵入性测量的一种手段。最近的技术改进现在为MRI提供了一种区分PD患者和年龄匹配的健康对照组的方法，并且应该能够识别个体SN NM随年龄的变化。我们讨论MRI如何检测NM，以及如何改进这种方法。提示MRI可用于帕金森病的确诊和病情监测。我们建议，对于帕金森病的高危人群，也许对于老年人，定期进行MRI序列可以提供一种临床前检测症状前帕金森病的方法。
The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) occurs after pathogenesis is advanced and many substantia nigra (SN) dopamine neurons have already died. Now that therapies to block this neuronal loss are under development, it is imperative that the disease be diagnosed at earlier stages and that the response to therapies is monitored. Recent studies suggest this can be accomplished by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of neuromelanin (NM), the characteristic pigment of SN dopaminergic, and locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons. NM is an autophagic product synthesized via oxidation of catecholamines and subsequent reactions, and in the SN and LC it increases linearly during normal aging. In PD, however, the pigment is lost when SN and LC neurons die. As shown nearly 25 years ago by Zecca and colleagues, NM’s avid binding of iron provides a paramagnetic source to enable electron and nuclear magnetic resonance detection, and thus a means for safe and noninvasive measure in living human brain. Recent technical improvements now provide a means for MRI to differentiate between PD patients and age-matched healthy controls, and should be able to identify changes in SN NM with age in individuals. We discuss how MRI detects NM and how this approach might be improved. We suggest that MRI of NM can be used to confirm PD diagnosis and monitor disease progression. We recommend that for subjects at risk for PD, and perhaps generally for older people, that MRI sequences performed at regular intervals can provide a pre-clinical means to detect presymptomatic PD.
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影响因子：
4.2
作者：
CONNOR, JR;MENZIES, SL;MUFSON, EJ
通讯作者：
MUFSON, EJ
DOI：
10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00099-0
发表时间：
2002-03-16
影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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