Comprehension First: Evaluating a Novel Pedagogy and Tutoring System for Program Tracing in CS1

Comprehension First: Evaluating a Novel Pedagogy and Tutoring System for Program Tracing in CS1
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理解第一:评估用于 CS1 程序跟踪的新颖教学法和辅导系统

DOI:
10.1145/3105726.3106178
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发表时间:
2017
期刊:
ACM International Computing Education Research Conference
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ko, Andrew J.
Ko, Andrew J.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Nelson, Greg L.;Xie, Benjamin;Ko, Andrew J.

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学习编程需要哪些知识?以前的工作集中在理论化的程序编写和解决问题的技能。我们检查程序的理解,并提出了一个正式的理论程序跟踪知识的基础上,通过解释程序的源代码的控制流路径。由于新手无法理解解释器的编程语言符号,我们将其转换为从代码令牌到指令再到机器状态变化的因果关系。为了教授这些知识,我们提出了一种基于因果推理的理解第一教学法,通过在许多示例程序中逐步通过具体示例来展示,解释和评估每条路径。为了评估这种教学方法,我们建立了PLTutor,一个具有固定课程的示例程序的教程系统。我们评估自我选择的CS1学生使用块随机实验室研究比较PLTutor与Codecademy,一个写作教程的学习收益。在我们的小型研究中,我们发现了一些关于SCS 1的学习增益提高的证据,PLTutor的平均学习增益比Codecademy高60%(在27个问题中,增益为3.89比2.42)。这些收益强烈预测中期(R2=.64)只有PLTutor参与者,其成绩显示较少的变化,没有失败。
What knowledge does learning programming require? Prior work has focused on theorizing program writing and problem solving skills. We examine program comprehension and propose a formal theory of program tracing knowledge based on control flow paths through an interpreter program's source code. Because novices cannot understand the interpreter's programming language notation, we transform it into causal relationships from code tokens to instructions to machine state changes. To teach this knowledge, we propose a comprehension-first pedagogy based on causal inference, by showing, explaining, and assessing each path by stepping through concrete examples within many example programs. To assess this pedagogy, we built PLTutor, a tutorial system with a fixed curriculum of example programs. We evaluate learning gains among self-selected CS1 students using a block randomized lab study comparing PLTutor with Codecademy, a writing tutorial. In our small study, we find some evidence of improved learning gains on the SCS1, with average learning gains of PLTutor 60% higher than Codecademy (gain of 3.89 vs. 2.42 out of 27 questions). These gains strongly predicted midterms (R2=.64) only for PLTutor participants, whose grades showed less variation and no failures.
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