Statocyst content in Aeolidida (Nudibranchia) is an uninformative character for phylogenetic studies

Statocyst content in Aeolidida (Nudibranchia) is an uninformative character for phylogenetic studies
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Aeolidida(裸鳃亚纲)中的静囊含量对于系统发育研究来说是一个无信息的特征

DOI:
10.1093/mollus/eyab009
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
1.2
通讯作者:
Wägele
Wägele
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Baumann;E.M.J.;Wägele

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用于推断系统发育关系的形态研究依赖于提供信息的特征(Scotland,Olmstead&Bennett,2003;Wiens,2004)。这意味着这些性状应该(1)携带一定数量的系统发育信息,(2)特定于某些物种、属或科,(3)不是随机分布的。他汀囊最早是在19世纪从异枝中被描述的(见Hoffmann,1939),此后被用于各种形态分析(见Wägle&Willan,2000)。状态囊具有球形结构,这些器官中小而硬的状态石的运动有助于动物在空间中的定向(例如Pelseneer,1894;Croft,1937;Hoffmann,1939;D‘Asaro,1966)。在Wägle&Willan(2000)之后,耳石可被分类为耳石(包含单个耳石的定囊)或耳石(包含多个小耳石的耳囊),如图1所示。在分析风化类物种的组织切片时,观察到三种特征状态:以前使用的“单耳石”和“多耳石”(Wägle&Willan,2000),以及第三种状态,即既有耳石又有耳石特征的状态(S)。有几项研究讨论了“统计囊体含量”(SC)作为一种信息性的形态特征是否有用。还没有观察到SC分布的分类模式(Pelseneer,1894;Ponder&Lindberg,1997;Wägle&Willan,2000)。此外,即使在同一属内,SC的不同特征状态也是已知的。由于这些原因,尚不清楚SC是否具有系统发育信息。SC的分布在分类学上可能没有相关性。相反,它可能仅仅取决于稳态囊的大小,而后者又可能取决于动物的大小,或者至少取决于头部区域的大小。为了验证这一假说,我们测量了几个树种的恒态囊的直径和头部区域(即横截面上的头部面积)的大小。动物的长度没有被考虑,因为它在家庭中有很大的差异,并且不会直接影响头部可以被稳态囊占据的空间量。来自34个物种(见表1;原水母总科1个成员和Aeolidida 33个成员)的整个标本被保存在甲醛/海水中,包埋在甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯(Kulzer®7100)中,横切(2.5微米),甲苯胺蓝染色。组织学幻灯片来自
Morphological studies used to infer phylogenetic relationships rely on informative characters (Scotland, Olmstead & Bennett, 2003; Wiens, 2004). This means the characters should (1) carry some amount of phylogenetic information,(2) be specific for certain species, genera or families, and (3) not be randomly distributed. Statocysts were first described from heterobranchs in the 19th century (see review by Hoffmann, 1939) and have since been used in various morphological analyses (see Wägele & Willan, 2000). Statocysts have a spherical structure and the movement of the small, hard statoliths in these organs aids the animal’s orientation in space (eg Pelseneer, 1894; Crofts, 1937; Hoffmann, 1939; D’Asaro, 1966). Following Wägele & Willan (2000), statoliths can be clas-sified as otoliths (a statocyst containing a single statolith) or otoconia (statocysts containing multiple, small statoliths), as shown in Figure 1. While analysing histological slides of aeolid species, three character states were observed: the formerly used ‘single otolith’and ‘multiple otoconia’(Wägele & Willan, 2000), plus a third state, one characterized by both otoconia and otolith (s). Several studies have debated the usefulness of ‘statocyst content’(SC) as an informative morphological character. A taxonomic pattern in the distribution of SC has not been observed (Pelseneer, 1894; Ponder & Lindberg, 1997; Wägele & Willan, 2000). Moreover, different char-acter states of SC are known to occur even within the same genus. For these reasons, it is not clear whether SC is phylogenetically informative.The distribution of SC may not be taxonomically correlated. It may instead simply depend on the size of the statocyst, which in turn may depend on the size of the animal, or at least the size of the head region. To test this hypothesis, we measured the diameters of statocysts and the size of the head region (ie head area in crosssection) of several cladobranch species. The length of the animal was not considered, as it varies strongly within families and does not directly impact the amount of space within the head that can be occupied by statocysts. Whole specimens from 34 species (see Table 1; 1 member of Proctonotoidea and 33 members of Aeolidida) were preserved in formaldehyde/seawater, embedded in hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Kulzer® 7100), cross-sectioned (2.5 µm) and stained with toluidine blue. Histological slides from the
裸鳃类的系统发育
DOI: --
发表时间: 2000
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
H. Wägele;R. Willan
通讯作者: R. Willan
DOI: --
发表时间: --
期刊: Mémoires couronnés et mémoires des savants étrangers, publiés par l'Académie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Bruxelles. Collection in-4°
影响因子: --
作者:
P. Pelseneer
通讯作者: P. Pelseneer
DOI: --
发表时间: 1937
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
Doris R. Crofts
通讯作者: Doris R. Crofts
基于 MicroCT、组织学和分子分析,描述了印度尼西亚北苏拉威西省的一种新的 Moridilla 物种(软体动物:裸鳃亚纲:Aeolidioidea)。
DOI: --
发表时间: 2019
期刊: Zootaxa
影响因子: 0.9
作者:
D. Schillo;B. Wipfler;Nani Undap;Adelfia Papu;Nils Böhringer;Jan;F. Kaligis;R. Bara;T. Schäberle;G. König;H. Wägele
通讯作者: H. Wägele