Structural basis for Cas9 off-target activity.

Structural basis for Cas9 off-target activity.
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CAS9非目标活动的结构基础。

DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.026
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发表时间:
2022-10-27
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Jinek M
Jinek M
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pacesa M;Lin CH;Cléry A;Saha A;Arantes PR;Bargsten K;Irby MJ;Allain FH;Palermo G;Cameron P;Donohoue PD;Jinek M

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CRISPR相关基因组编辑核酸酶Cas9的靶DNA特异性由与其指导RNA中的20个核苷酸片段的互补性决定。然而,Cas9可以结合并切割部分互补的脱靶序列,这引起了其在临床应用中使用的安全性问题。在这里,我们报告了与真正的脱靶底物结合的Cas9的晶体学结构,揭示了脱靶结合是通过引导-脱靶异源双链体内的一系列非规范碱基配对相互作用实现的。含有相对于引导RNA的单核苷酸缺失的脱靶位点通过碱基跳跃或多个非规范碱基对而不是RNA凸起形成来适应。此外,PAM-远端错配导致双链体解配对并诱导Cas9 REC叶的构象变化,这扰乱其构象激活。总之,这些见解为Cas9的脱靶活性提供了结构原理,并有助于指导RNA和脱靶预测算法的改进合理设计。
The target DNA specificity of the CRISPR-associated genome editor nuclease Cas9 is determined by complementarity to a 20-nucleotide segment in its guide RNA. However, Cas9 can bind and cleave partially complementary off-target sequences, which raises safety concerns for its use in clinical applications. Here we report crystallographic structures of Cas9 bound to bona fide off-target substrates, revealing that off-target binding is enabled by a range of non-canonical base pairing interactions within the guide–off-target heteroduplex. Off-target sites containing single-nucleotide deletions relative to the guide RNA are accommodated by base skipping or multiple non-canonical base pairs rather than RNA bulge formation. Additionally, PAM-distal mismatches result in duplex unpairing and induce a conformational change of the Cas9 REC lobe that perturbs its conformational activation. Together, these insights provide a structural rationale for the off-target activity of Cas9 and contribute to the improved rational design of guide RNAs and off-target prediction algorithms.
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