Primordial germ cells: the blueprint for a piscine life
Primordial germ cells: the blueprint for a piscine life
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原始生殖细胞：鱼类生命的蓝图
DOI：
10.1023/a:1023388317621
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
T. Takeuchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Yoshizaki;Y. Takeuchi;Terumasa Kobayashi;Shoko Ihara;T. Takeuchi
性别分化前的生殖细胞被称为原始生殖细胞（PGCs）。它们是生殖细胞谱系的祖细胞，具有分化为精原细胞或卵原细胞的能力。在迄今为止所研究的所有动物中，PGCs在早期胚胎发育期间与体细胞谱系分开。最近对鱼类生殖细胞的研究表明：(1)在斑马鱼受精卵中发现了胚质样结构，在各种鱼类的性腺PGCs中发现了结构和形态相似的“nuage”结构；(2) vasa和nanos基因的RNA转录本，已知是非洲爪蟾种质的组成部分，也存在于鱼类的母系遗传分子中；(3) PGCs只出现在囊胚的下部，并且在合子基因表达之前出现。基于这些发现，母系遗传的不对称分布似乎是鱼类生殖细胞特化的主要系统。这种机制与哺乳动物不同，在哺乳动物中，PGCs是表观遗传指定的。PGCs在生殖腺外区从体细胞谱系中分离出来，然后迁移到性腺支持体细胞中结合。这些迁移至少部分是由斑马鱼和虹鳟中PGCs自身的积极运动完成的。另一方面，在medaka中，PGC的迁移可能是由周围体细胞迁移引起的被动运动的结果。在这些迁移期间，鱼类PGCs在有丝分裂中沉默，并在到达性腺原后恢复增殖。PGCs除了作为生殖细胞谱系的奠基人在生物学上具有重要意义外，由于它们能够转化为单个鱼类，因此在鱼类生物工程中可能有许多应用。讨论了其中一些潜在的应用。
Germ cells prior to sex differentiation are called primordial germ cells (PGCs). They are the progenitor cells of the germ cell lineage and possess the ability to differentiate into either spermatogonia or oogonia. In all animals examined to date, PGCs are set aside from somatic cell lineages during early embryonic development. Recent studies of fish germ cells have revealed that (1) germ plasm-like structures are found in fertilized eggs of zebrafish, and structurally and morphologically similar structures called `nuage' are found in the gonadal PGCs of various fish species; (2) RNA transcripts of the vasa and nanos genes, which are known to be components of the germ plasm of Xenopus laevis, are also present as maternally inherited molecules in fishes; and (3) PGCs emerge only from the lower part of the blastoderm and this specification occurs prior to zygotic gene expression. Based on these findings, asymmetrical distribution of maternally inherited germ plasm appears to be a major system for germ cell specification in fishes. This mechanism is different from that in mammals, in which PGCs are specified epigenetically. PGCs separate from somatic cell lineages in extragonadal areas and then migrate to coalesce with somatic gonadal support cells. These migrations are performed at least partly by active movement of PGCs themselves in zebrafish and rainbow trout. On the other hand, in medaka, the PGC migration may be the result of passive movement caused by surrounding somatic cell migration. During these migration periods, fish PGCs are mitotically silent and resume proliferation after they reach the gonadal anlagen. PGCs, in addition to being biologically important as founders of the germ cell lineage, may have many applications for bioengineering of fish because of their ability to be converted into individual fishes. Some of these potential applications are discussed.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
L. A. Mosquera;C. Forristall;Yi Zhou;M. L. King
通讯作者：
L. A. Mosquera;C. Forristall;Yi Zhou;M. L. King
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.93.24.13837
发表时间：
1996-11-26
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Gruidl, ME;Smith, PA;Bennett, KL
通讯作者：
Bennett, KL