Open-Channel Capillary Trees and Capillary Pumping.
Open-Channel Capillary Trees and Capillary Pumping.
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开放通道毛细血管和毛细管抽水。
DOI：
10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01360
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发表时间：
2020-11-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Theberge AB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee JJ;Berthier J;Kearney KE;Berthier E;Theberge AB
封闭或明渠中毛细管流的速度随着水流沿通道长度的增加而减小，其变化与时间的平方根成反比或与行程距离成反比。为了提高流量并延长流动持续时间，人们仿照纸张或棉纤维的泵送原理设计了毛细管泵。这些设计为液体的吸出提供了更大的体积。在生物技术的微系统中，已经根据实验观察开发了不同的设计。在本文中，利用明渠“毛细树”(即具有类似树形状的分叉的通道集合)中的流动的理论模型来研究毛细抽吸的基础机理。该模型已与实验进行了核对。提出了获得更好的毛细管泵设计的规则--具体地说，我们发现：(1)当使用整个通道截面积相同的毛细管树时，可以在整个通道网络中保持几乎恒定的流量，(2)通过略微减小通道横截面的面积和减少树内每一级分支上的通道长度，可以在毛细管树的每个分支点增加流量，以及(3)更高阶的分支(三分叉与分叉)放大了流量效应。这项工作为提高由毛细管流驱动的开放式微流体通道中的流量奠定了基础；我们预计这将对开放式微流体在生物和化学应用中产生广泛影响，如细胞培养、样品制备、分离和芯片上反应。
Velocity of capillary flow in closed or open channels decreases as the flow proceeds down the length of the channel, varying as the inverse of the square root of time or as the inverse of travel distance. In order to increase the flow rate—and extend the duration of the flow—capillary pumps have been designed by mimicking the pumping principle of paper or cotton fibers. These designs provide a larger volume available for the wicking of the liquids. In microsystems for biotechnology, different designs have been developed based on experimental observation. In the present manuscript, the mechanisms at the basis of capillary pumping are investigated using a theoretical model for the flow in an open-channel “capillary tree” (i.e., an ensemble of channels with bifurcations mimicking the shape of a tree). The model is checked against experiments. Rules for obtaining better designs of capillary pumps are proposed—specifically we find: (1) when using a capillary tree with identical channel cross-sectional areas throughout, it is possible to maintain nearly constant flow rates throughout the channel network, (2) flow rate can be increased at each branch point of a capillary tree by slightly decreasing the areas of the channel cross-section and decreasing the channel lengths at each level of ramification within the tree, and (3) higher order branching (trifurcations vs. bifurcations) amplify the flow rate effect. This work lays the foundation for increasing the flow rate in open microfluidic channels driven by capillary flow; we expect this to have broad impact across open microfluidics for biological and chemical applications such as cell culture, sample preparation, separations, and on-chip reactions.
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