The Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance and Potential Bacteriostatic Strategies.
The Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance and Potential Bacteriostatic Strategies.
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细菌耐药机制和潜在的抑菌策略
DOI：
10.3390/antibiotics11091215
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发表时间：
2022-09-08
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Cheng, Wei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Fusheng;Cheng, Wei
细菌耐药性正在迅速发展，成为对人类健康的最大威胁之一。细菌会根据抗生素的抗菌机制，采取相应的策略来破解抗生素的抑制作用，包括药物靶点的突变、分泌水解酶、通过外排泵将抗生素排出细胞外等。近年来，人们发现细菌不断进化出新的对抗生素的耐药机制，包括靶点保护蛋白、细胞形态的改变等，赋予了细菌多种抗药性。 抗生素的防御系统，导致多重耐药（MDR）细菌的出现以及临床上无法获得药物。相应地，研究人员试图揭开细菌耐药性之谜，以开发更方便、更有效的抗菌策略。尽管传统抗生素在治疗敏感病原菌引起的疾病中仍发挥着重要作用，但对MDR细菌逐渐失去疗效。因此，噬菌体疗法、CRISPER-Cas精准疗法等高效抗菌化合物越来越受到人们的关注，被认为是未来抵抗MDR最有潜力的治疗方法。本综述总结了九种已确定的耐药机制，这些机制提高了细菌在抗生素作用下的保留率，促进了耐药菌（DRB）在人群中的分布。随后介绍了三种潜在的抗菌方法，其中新型抗菌化合物具有不同的作用机制，表现出广阔的应用前景，噬菌体疗法已成功应用于超级细菌引起的感染性疾病，而CRISPER-Cas精准疗法作为一项新技术，可以在基因水平上编辑病原菌的耐药基因，具有高精度和灵活性。这些抗菌方法将为临床治疗提供更多选择，也将极大缓解当前的耐药危机。
Bacterial drug resistance is rapidly developing as one of the greatest threats to human health. Bacteria will adopt corresponding strategies to crack the inhibitory effect of antibiotics according to the antibacterial mechanism of antibiotics, involving the mutation of drug target, secreting hydrolase, and discharging antibiotics out of cells through an efflux pump, etc. In recent years, bacteria are found to constantly evolve new resistance mechanisms to antibiotics, including target protective protein, changes in cell morphology, and so on, endowing them with multiple defense systems against antibiotics, leading to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria and the unavailability of drugs in clinics. Correspondingly, researchers attempt to uncover the mystery of bacterial resistance to develop more convenient and effective antibacterial strategies. Although traditional antibiotics still play a significant role in the treatment of diseases caused by sensitive pathogenic bacteria, they gradually lose efficacy in the MDR bacteria. Therefore, highly effective antibacterial compounds, such as phage therapy and CRISPER-Cas precision therapy, are gaining an increasing amount of attention, and are considered to be the treatments with the moist potential with regard to resistance against MDR in the future. In this review, nine identified drug resistance mechanisms are summarized, which enhance the retention rate of bacteria under the action of antibiotics and promote the distribution of drug-resistant bacteria (DRB) in the population. Afterwards, three kinds of potential antibacterial methods are introduced, in which new antibacterial compounds exhibit broad application prospects with different action mechanisms, the phage therapy has been successfully applied to infectious diseases caused by super bacteria, and the CRISPER-Cas precision therapy as a new technology can edit drug-resistant genes in pathogenic bacteria at the gene level, with high accuracy and flexibility. These antibacterial methods will provide more options for clinical treatment, and will greatly alleviate the current drug-resistant crisis.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41396-020-00832-7
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
The ISME journal
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bottery MJ;Pitchford JW;Friman VP
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影响因子：
4.1
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影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Briers Y;Walmagh M;Van Puyenbroeck V;Cornelissen A;Cenens W;Aertsen A;Oliveira H;Azeredo J;Verween G;Pirnay JP;Miller S;Volckaert G;Lavigne R
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Lavigne R