Division of Labor by the HELQ, BLM, and FANCM Helicases during Homologous Recombination Repair in Drosophila melanogaster.

Division of Labor by the HELQ, BLM, and FANCM Helicases during Homologous Recombination Repair in Drosophila melanogaster.
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DOI:
10.3390/genes13030474
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发表时间:
2022-03-08
期刊:
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
McVey M
McVey M
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Thomas A;Cox J;Wolfe KB;Mingalone CH;Yaspan HR;McVey M

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通过同源重组 (HR) 修复 DNA 双链断裂需要精心策划涉及许多蛋白质的事件序列。 HR 的一种类型是合成依赖性链退火 (SDSA),当 RAD51 包被的单链 DNA 侵入同源模板时,通过形成置换环 (D 环) 进行。通过 DNA 合成延伸单链 DNA 的 3' 端。在 SDSA 中,D 环在链退火之前被拆卸。虽然许多解旋酶可以在体外解开 D 环,但它们在体内的作用如何设计仍有待确定。为了阐明各种 DNA 解旋酶在 SDSA 过程中的作用,我们使用双链缺口修复测定来研究缺乏 BLM、HELQ 和 FANCM 解旋酶的果蝇中同源重组修复的结果。我们发现这三种解旋酶中任何一种的缺失都会损害间隙修复。此外,同时缺乏 BLM 和 HELQ 或 HELQ 和 FANCM 的果蝇比相应的单一突变体具有更严重的 SDSA 缺陷。在没有 BLM 的情况下,很大一部分修复事件都伴随着侧翼缺失。引人注目的是,这些缺失在 blm helq 和 blm fancm 双突变体中大部分被消除。我们的结果表明,BLM、HELQ 和 FANCM 解旋酶在 SDSA 过程中发挥不同的作用,HELQ 和 FANCM 早期发挥作用,促进重组中间体的形成,然后由 BLM 处理,以防止通过易缺失机制进行修复。
Repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR) requires a carefully orchestrated sequence of events involving many proteins. One type of HR, synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA), proceeds via the formation of a displacement loop (D-loop) when RAD51-coated single-stranded DNA invades a homologous template. The 3′ end of the single-stranded DNA is extended by DNA synthesis. In SDSA, the D-loop is then disassembled prior to strand annealing. While many helicases can unwind D-loops in vitro, how their action is choreographed in vivo remains to be determined. To clarify the roles of various DNA helicases during SDSA, we used a double-strand gap repair assay to study the outcomes of homologous recombination repair in Drosophila melanogaster lacking the BLM, HELQ, and FANCM helicases. We found that the absence of any of these three helicases impairs gap repair. In addition, flies lacking both BLM and HELQ or HELQ and FANCM had more severe SDSA defects than the corresponding single mutants. In the absence of BLM, a large percentage of repair events were accompanied by flanking deletions. Strikingly, these deletions were mostly abolished in the blm helq and blm fancm double mutants. Our results suggest that the BLM, HELQ, and FANCM helicases play distinct roles during SDSA, with HELQ and FANCM acting early to promote the formation of recombination intermediates that are then processed by BLM to prevent repair by deletion-prone mechanisms.
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