The genetic basis of a complex functional system.

The genetic basis of a complex functional system.
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复杂功能系统的遗传基础。

DOI:
10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01688.x
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发表时间:
2012
期刊:
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Streelman,JTodd
Streelman,JTodd
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Parnell,NicholasF;Hulsey,CDarrin;Streelman,JTodd

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形式和功能之间的关系可以对进化动力学产生深远的影响,并且这种影响对于简单系统和复杂系统可能有所不同。特别是,多种结构配置(多对一映射,MTOM)产生的功能可能会抑制成分权衡并促进多元化。不幸的是,我们缺乏有关 MTOM 功能系统遗传结构的信息。硬骨鱼的头骨在同一颅面单元内包含简单的(下颌杠杆)和更复杂的(下颌建模为四杆连杆)功能系统。我们通过鉴定两种马拉维湖丽鱼品种的杂交种的数量性状基因座(QTL),研究了形式到功能的映射以及这些系统的遗传基础。杂交个体在简单和复杂颌系统的形态成分和功能方面表现出新颖性(海侵隔离)。功能新颖性与简单杠杆中极端形态的普遍程度成正比。相比之下,亲代形态的重组会导致 MTOM 4 连杆的越界。我们发现在简单和复杂的系统中,多个具有中等效应和上位性的基因座控制下颌表型,并且由 4-bar 的 QTL 解释的表型方差较小。简单和复杂系统组成部分之间的遗传联系部分解释了表型相关性,并可能限制功能进化。
The relationship between form and function can have profound effects on evolutionary dynamics and such effects may differ for simple versus complex systems. In particular, functions produced by multiple structural configurations (many-to-one mapping, MTOM) may dampen constituent trade-offs and promote diversification. Unfortunately, we lack information about the genetic architecture of MTOM functional systems. The skulls of teleost fishes contain both simple (lower jaw levers) as well as more complex (jaws modeled as 4-bar linkages) functional systems within the same craniofacial unit. We examined the mapping of form to function and the genetic basis of these systems by identifying quantitative trait loci (QTL) in hybrids of two Lake Malawi cichlid species. Hybrid individuals exhibited novelty (transgressive segregation) in morphological components and function of the simple and complex jaw systems. Functional novelty was proportional to the prevalence of extreme morphologies in the simple levers; by contrast, recombination of parental morphologies produced transgression in the MTOM 4-bar linkage. We found multiple loci of moderate effect and epistasis controlling jaw phenotypes in both the simple and complex systems, with less phenotypic variance explained by QTL for the 4-bar. Genetic linkage between components of the simple and complex systems partly explains phenotypic correlations and may constrain functional evolution.
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