Specificity and timescales of cortical adaptation as inferences about natural movie statistics.
Specificity and timescales of cortical adaptation as inferences about natural movie statistics.
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DOI：
10.1167/16.13.1
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发表时间：
2016-10-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Schwartz O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Snow M;Coen-Cagli R;Schwartz O
适应是一个现象学的总括术语，在这个术语下，各种时间语境效应被归类。以前的模型已经表明，视觉适应的某些方面反映了动态视觉输入的最佳处理，这表明适应应该调整到自然视觉输入的属性。然而，人们对自然动态投入和适应之间的联系知之甚少。在这里，我们将先前开发的用于空间上下文效应的贝叶斯建模框架扩展到时间域。该模型学习自然电影的时间统计规律，并通过分裂归一化将这些统计与初级视觉皮质的适应联系起来，这是一种普遍存在的神经计算。具体地说，该模型通过过去的视觉输入对当前视觉输入进行分割归一化，仅达到这些被推断为统计上依赖的程度。我们表明，这种灵活的标准化形式重现了关于短暂适应如何影响神经元选择性的经典发现。此外，贝叶斯模型从自然电影中获取的先验知识可以通过长时间暴露在新的视觉刺激下进行修改。我们表明，这种更新可以解释对比度适应的经典结果。我们还模拟了最近的发现，即适应维持了群体的动态平衡，即具有不同取向偏好的神经元群体之间的平衡活动水平。与以前不同的观察结果一致，我们的工作进一步阐明了刺激特定和神经元特定的归一化信号在适应中的影响。
Adaptation is a phenomenological umbrella term under which a variety of temporal contextual effects are grouped. Previous models have shown that some aspects of visual adaptation reflect optimal processing of dynamic visual inputs, suggesting that adaptation should be tuned to the properties of natural visual inputs. However, the link between natural dynamic inputs and adaptation is poorly understood. Here, we extend a previously developed Bayesian modeling framework for spatial contextual effects to the temporal domain. The model learns temporal statistical regularities of natural movies and links these statistics to adaptation in primary visual cortex via divisive normalization, a ubiquitous neural computation. In particular, the model divisively normalizes the present visual input by the past visual inputs only to the degree that these are inferred to be statistically dependent. We show that this flexible form of normalization reproduces classical findings on how brief adaptation affects neuronal selectivity. Furthermore, prior knowledge acquired by the Bayesian model from natural movies can be modified by prolonged exposure to novel visual stimuli. We show that this updating can explain classical results on contrast adaptation. We also simulate the recent finding that adaptation maintains population homeostasis, namely, a balanced level of activity across a population of neurons with different orientation preferences. Consistent with previous disparate observations, our work further clarifies the influence of stimulus-specific and neuronal-specific normalization signals in adaptation.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
通讯作者：
ATTNEAVE, F
影响因子：
9.2
作者：
Chopin, Adrien;Mamassian, Pascal
通讯作者：
Mamassian, Pascal
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Carandini, M;Movshon, JA;Ferster, D
通讯作者：
Ferster, D
DOI：
10.1126/science.1195870
发表时间：
2011-01-07
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Berkes P;Orbán G;Lengyel M;Fiser J
通讯作者：
Fiser J
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2000.1198
发表时间：
2000-09-07
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Clifford, CWG;Wenderoth, P;Spehar, B
通讯作者：
Spehar, B