Technology Pathways Could Help Drive the U.S. West Coast Grid's Exposure to Hydrometeorological Uncertainty

Technology Pathways Could Help Drive the U.S. West Coast Grid's Exposure to Hydrometeorological Uncertainty
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技术途径可能有助于推动美国西海岸电网面临水文气象不确定性

DOI:
10.1029/2021ef002187
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Earth's Future
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Haas, Jannik
Haas, Jannik
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wessel, Jacob;Kern, Jordan D.;Voisin, Nathalie;Oikonomou, Konstantinos;Haas, Jannik

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以前的研究调查了大容量电力系统和批发电力市场的深度脱碳,并没有充分探索未来电网路径如何影响电网在多个时间尺度上对水文气象不确定性的脆弱性。在这里,我们采用一个电网运行模型和一个大型合成天气集合来“压力测试”一系列未来美国西海岸的电网路径,这些路径由reed开发,这是一个众所周知的容量规划模型。我们的研究结果表明,从2020年到2050年,潜在容量组合的逐渐变化会导致天气年在年度批发电价方面的显著“重新排序”(“好”年份变坏,反之亦然)。尽管如此,我们发现,就平均电价而言,最高和最低的价格年份仍然主要与水电可用性(流量)和负荷(夏季温度)的极端情况有关,与干旱相关的敏感性最强。今天看到的季节动态,包括春季融雪和炎热干燥的夏季,到2050年仍然是明确的。在加州,我们的模型中未来的供应短缺集中在晚上,主要发生在夏末和冬末的高温异常时期;在太平洋西北地区,供应短缺与负流量异常的关系更为密切。在我们对固定水文气象不确定性的更稳健采样下,我们还发现,确保电网可靠性所需的可分配热(即天然气)容量与风能和太阳能的比例可能与reed报告的值存在显著差异。
Previous studies investigating deep decarbonization of bulk electric power systems and wholesale electricity markets have not sufficiently explored how future grid pathways could affect the grid's vulnerability to hydrometeorological uncertainty on multiple timescales. Here, we employ a grid operations model and a large synthetic weather ensemble to “stress test” a range of future grid pathways for the U.S. West Coast developed by ReEDS, a well‐known capacity planning model. Our results show that gradual changes in the underlying capacity mix from 2020 to 2050 can cause significant “re‐ranking” of weather years in terms of annual wholesale electricity prices (with “good” years becoming bad, and vice versa). Nonetheless, we find the highest and lowest ranking price years in terms of average electricity price remain mostly tied to extremes in hydropower availability (streamflow) and load (summer temperatures), with the strongest sensitivities related to drought. Seasonal dynamics seen today involving spring snowmelt and hot, dry summers remain well‐defined out to 2050. In California, future supply shortfalls in our model are concentrated in the evening and occur mostly during periods of high temperature anomalies in late summer months and in late winter; in the Pacific Northwest, supply shortfalls are much more strongly tied to negative streamflow anomalies. Under our more robust sampling of stationary hydrometeorological uncertainty, we also find that the ratio of dis‐patchable thermal (i.e., natural gas) capacity to wind and solar required to ensure grid reliability can differ significantly from values reported by ReEDS.
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发表时间: 2020
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影响因子: 11.2
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