GIP and GLP-1, the two incretin hormones: Similarities and differences.
GIP and GLP-1, the two incretin hormones: Similarities and differences.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00022.x
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发表时间：
2010-04-22
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Yabe D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Seino Y;Fukushima M;Yabe D
胃抑制多肽和胰升糖素样肽-1是胰腺β细胞摄取葡萄糖或营养物质刺激胰岛素分泌时由肠道分泌的两种主要的胰岛素激素。GIP和GLP-1通过与属于G蛋白偶联受体家族的GIP受体(GIPR)和GLP-1受体(GLP-1R)结合发挥作用。受体结合激活并增加胰腺β细胞内环磷酸腺苷的水平，从而刺激胰岛素的分泌，依赖于葡萄糖。除了胰岛素调节作用外，GIP和GLP-1在表达GIPR和GLP-1R的不同组织和器官中，包括胰腺、脂肪、骨骼和脑，在各种生物学过程中都发挥着关键作用。在胰腺内，GIP和GLP-1共同促进β细胞增殖和抑制细胞凋亡，从而扩大胰腺β细胞团，而GIP促进餐后高血糖素反应，而GLP-1抑制它。在脂肪组织中，GIP而不是GLP-1促进脂肪沉积。在骨骼中，GIP促进骨形成，而GLP-1抑制骨吸收。在大脑中，GIP和GLP-1都被认为与记忆的形成和食欲的控制有关。除了这些差异之外，β2型糖尿病患者的 分泌和GLP-1的分泌以及它们对GLP细胞的胰岛素调节作用也被证明与健康受试者不同。本文就这两种胰岛素类激素在分泌和代谢方面的异同、对胰腺β细胞的胰岛素调节作用和非胰岛素调节作用作一综述，并探讨它们在2型糖尿病治疗中的应用前景。(《糖尿病投资》，DOI：10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00022.x，2010年)
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are the two primary incretin hormones secreted from the intestine on ingestion of glucose or nutrients to stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. GIP and GLP‐1 exert their effects by binding to their specific receptors, the GIP receptor (GIPR) and the GLP‐1 receptor (GLP‐1R), which belong to the G‐protein coupled receptor family. Receptor binding activates and increases the level of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate in pancreatic β cells, thereby stimulating insulin secretion glucose‐dependently. In addition to their insulinotropic effects, GIP and GLP‐1 play critical roles in various biological processes in different tissues and organs that express GIPR and GLP‐1R, including the pancreas, fat, bone and the brain. Within the pancreas, GIP and GLP‐1 together promote β cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis, thereby expanding pancreatic β cell mass, while GIP enhances postprandial glucagon response and GLP‐1 suppresses it. In adipose tissues, GIP but not GLP‐1 facilitates fat deposition. In bone, GIP promotes bone formation while GLP‐1 inhibits bone absorption. In the brain, both GIP and GLP‐1 are thought to be involved in memory formation as well as the control of appetite. In addition to these differences, secretion of GIP and GLP‐1 and their insulinotropic effects on β cells have been shown to differ in patients with type 2 diabetes compared to healthy subjects. We summarize here the similarities and differences of these two incretin hormones in secretion and metabolism, their insulinotropic action on pancreatic β cells, and their non‐insulinotropic effects, and discuss their potential in treatment of type 2 diabetes. (J Diabetes Invest, doi: 10.1111/j.2040‐1124.2010.00022.x, 2010)
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