Ecological and spatial variations of legacy and emerging contaminants in white-tailed sea eagles from Germany: Implications for prioritisation and future risk management.
Ecological and spatial variations of legacy and emerging contaminants in white-tailed sea eagles from Germany: Implications for prioritisation and future risk management.
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德国白尾海雕遗留污染物和新兴污染物的生态和空间变化：对优先顺序和未来风险管理的影响。
DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2021.106934
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
O. Krone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alexander Badry;Gabriele Treu;G. Gkotsis;M. Nika;Nikiforos A Alygizakis;N. Thomaidis;C. Voigt;O. Krone
欧盟 (EU) 化学品使用量的增加导致了环境排放和野生动物暴露。为了在欧盟境内批准某种化学品，生产商需要进行环境风险评估，这通常依赖于实验室条件下生成的数据，而不考虑生态和景观背景。为了弥补这一差距并添加有关新出现的污染物和化学混合物的信息，我们使用高分辨率质谱联用液相色谱和气相色谱分析了来自德国北部的 30 个白尾海雕 (Haliaeetus albicilla) 的肝脏，以鉴定超过 2400 种污染物。然后，我们模拟了营养位置 (δ15N)、栖息地 (δ13C) 和景观对化学残留物的影响，并使用计算机模型筛选持久性、生物累积性和毒性 (PBT) 特性，以揭示预测的 PBT 特性与观察到的暴露之间的不匹配。尽管 PBT 得分普遍较低，但大多数检测到的污染物都是医药产品，其中奥芬达唑和水杨酰胺最为常见。所有样品中的 4,4'-DDE 和 PCB 等《斯德哥尔摩公约》化学品含量均低于毒性阈值。与其他研究相比，PFAS 中，尤其是 PFOS 的浓度较高。相比之下，PFCA 水平较低，并且随着 δ15N 的增加而增加，这表明捕食鱼食物种时 PFCA 水平会增加。在植物保护产品中，经常检测到螺菌胺和西玛津，并且在农业景观中浓度不断增加。事实证明，Thein 硅模型对于预测大多数化学品的 PBT 特性是可靠的。然而，顶级捕食者的化学暴露是复杂的，不仅取决于内在的化学特性，还取决于生态和景观等其他因素。因此，我们建议在监管风险评估中应更频繁地考虑生态环境、混合物毒性和化学品监测数据，例如采用证据权重方法，在个人或人群的不利影响开始显现之前触发风险管理措施。
The increasing use of chemicals in the European Union (EU) has resulted in environmental emissions and wildlife exposures. For approving a chemical within the EU, producers need to conduct an environmental risk assessment, which typically relies on data generated under laboratory conditions without considering the ecological and landscape context. To address this gap and add information on emerging contaminants and chemical mixtures, we analysed 30 livers of white-tailed sea eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) from northern Germany with high resolution-mass spectrometry coupled to liquid and gas chromatography for the identification of >2400 contaminants. We then modelled the influence of trophic position (δ15N), habitat (δ13C) and landscape on chemical residues and screened for persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) properties using anin silicomodel to unravel mismatches between predicted PBT properties and observed exposures. Despite having generally low PBT scores, most detected contaminants were medicinal products with oxfendazole and salicylamide being most frequent. Chemicals of the Stockholm Convention such as4,4′-DDE and PCBs were present in all samples below toxicity thresholds. Among PFAS, especially PFOS showed elevated concentrations compared to other studies. In contrast, PFCA levels were low and increased with δ15N, which indicated an increase with preying on piscivorous species. Among plant protection products, spiroxamine and simazine were frequently detected with increasing concentrations in agricultural landscapes. Thein silicomodel has proven to be reliable for predicting PBT properties for most chemicals. However, chemical exposures in apex predators are complex and do not solely rely on intrinsic chemical properties but also on other factors such as ecology and landscape. We therefore recommend that ecological contexts, mixture toxicities, and chemical monitoring data should be more frequently considered in regulatory risk assessments, e.g. in a weight of evidence approach, to trigger risk management measures before adverse effects in individuals or populations start to manifest.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Knaebel, Anja;Stehle, Sebastian;Schulz, Ralf
通讯作者：
Schulz, Ralf