First Language Attrition and Dominance: Same Same or Different?
First Language Attrition and Dominance: Same Same or Different?
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01963
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Genevska-Hanke D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Köpke B;Genevska-Hanke D
我们探讨了母语消耗和语言优势之间的关系，这里定义为双语者在语言处理方面的每种语言的相对可用性。我们假设这两个过程可能代表同一现象的两个阶段。虽然许多研究人员都认为语言优势在一生中会反复变化（例如，），但人们对优势转移和消耗所涉及的精确时间尺度知之甚少。我们对一个在德国居住了17年的接近母语的l2 -德语（半零主语和话题掉落但不支持掉落）和l1 -保加利亚语（支持掉落）双语者的代词主语生成进行了纵向案例研究，以调查这些时间尺度。在德国进行的测试中，这位说话者的自发演讲显示，她的母语中明显代词主语的比例明显高于对照组。然而，在保加利亚再接触l1 3周后，损耗效应消失，显性被试率下降到单语者的范围内。现在将第一次调查的结果与5年后的第二次调查的结果进行比较，第二次调查涉及两国的数据收集，结果表明，经过17年的移民，没有进一步的磨损被证明，并且在两种语言环境下的数据收集中，公开受试者的生产仍然是单语的。讨论的重点是可能解释这些结果的因素。首先，这些研究表明，损耗和语言优势高度依赖于即时语言使用语境，并随着语言环境的改变而迅速变化。此外，在l1再暴露后获得的数据表明，涉及优势转移或消耗的时间尺度比以前认为的要短得多。其次，习得年龄在磨耗中的作用已被反复承认。本研究表明，根深蒂固的母语损耗只是暂时影响语言处理的一种现象，在重新接触或恢复平衡的母语使用后，它可能会迅速退化。讨论表明，优势转移和消耗可能涉及相似的机制，并受到相同的外部因素的影响，表明两者可能是同一过程的不同步骤。
We explore the relationship between first language attrition and language dominance, defined here as the relative availability of each of a bilingual’s languages with respect to language processing. We assume that both processes might represent two stages of one and the same phenomenon. While many researchers agree that language dominance changes repeatedly over the lifespan (e.g.,), little is known about the precise time scales involved in dominance shifts and attrition. We investigate these time scales in a longitudinal case study of pronominal subject production by a near-native L2-German (semi-null subject and topic-drop but non-pro-drop) and L1-Bulgarian (pro-drop) bilingual speaker with 17 years of residence in Germany. This speaker’s spontaneous speech showed a significantly higher rate of overt pronominal subjects in her L1 than the controls’ rates when tested in Germany. After 3 weeks of L1-reexposure in Bulgaria, however, attrition effects disappeared and the overt subject rate fell within the monolinguals’ range. The findings of this first investigation are now compared to those of a second investigation 5 years later, involving data collection in both countries with the result that after 17 years of immigration, no further attrition was attested and the production of overt subjects remained monolingual-like for the data collections in both language environments. The discussion focuses on the factors that are likely to explain these results. First, these show that attrition and language dominance are highly dependent on immediate language use context and change rapidly when the language environment is modified. Additionally, the data obtained after L1-reexposure illustrate that time scales involved in dominance shift or attrition are much shorter than previously thought. Second, the role of age of acquisition in attrition has repeatedly been acknowledged. The present study demonstrates that attrition of a highly entrenched L1 is a phenomenon affecting language processing only temporarily and that it is likely to regress quickly after reexposure or return to balanced L1-use. The discussion suggests that dominance shift and attrition probably involve similar mechanisms and are influenced by the same external factors, showing that both may be different steps of the same process.
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