Polygenic adaptation of rosette growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Polygenic adaptation of rosette growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.
复制标题
拟南芥中玫瑰花结的多基因适应。
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pgen.1008748
复制
发表时间：
2021-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
de Meaux J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wieters B;Steige KA;He F;Koch EM;Ramos-Onsins SE;Gu H;Guo YL;Sunyaev S;de Meaux J
植物生长速率是植物生态学中的一个主要功能性状。然而，人们对其在自然种群中的进化知之甚少。在此，我们研究影响拟南芥生长速率变化的进化和环境因素。我们使用植株直径作为指标，在模拟自然光辐射强度纬度差异的环境中，对来自四个广泛区域（包括一组来自中国的外类群基因型）的278种基因型的植株随时间的生长情况进行监测。在自然条件下进行的田间试验证实了所观察到的变异的生态相关性。当光照减少时，所有基因型的莲座叶直径都显著增大，这表明环境可塑性是使植株大小适应现有光照条件的主要变异来源。然而，我们在生长速率和生长可塑性方面都检测到了显著的遗传变异水平。全基因组关联研究显示，只有2个单核苷酸多态性与高于邦费罗尼置信水平的生长遗传变异相关。然而，在具有生长和应激反应注释作用的基因中，边缘相关变体显著富集。由边缘相关变体计算得出的多基因分数证实了生长变异的多基因基础。在两种光照条件下，亲缘关系最远的种群（中国）与欧洲各地区之间的表型差异小于在欧洲内部观察到的变异，这表明生长速率的进化可能受到稳定选择的限制。我们观察到，西班牙的基因型植株达到的大小显著大于北欧基因型植株。适应性分化测试和有害突变个体负担分析表明，适应性过程在塑造莲座叶生长的区域差异方面比非适应性进化发挥了更重要的作用。
植物生长速率是植物生态学中的一个主要功能性状。然而，人们对其在自然种群中的遗传变异知之甚少。在此，我们研究影响拟南芥生长速率变化的遗传和环境因素，并探究植物生长的遗传变异是否有助于适应当地环境条件。我们在模拟自然光辐射强度纬度差异的两种光照条件下种植植株，并测量植株随时间增长的直径。当光照减少时，植株直径生长变慢，但最终达到的大小显著更大，这证实了植物能够根据现有光照条件调整其生长。然而，我们也在生长速率以及生长动态如何适应光照条件方面检测到了显著的遗传变异水平。我们表明这种变异是由许多效应较小的基因座编码的，这些基因座在基因组中难以定位，但总体在与生长和应激反应相关的基因中显著富集。我们还观察到，西班牙基因型植株的莲座叶平均大小往往显著大于北欧基因型植株。适应性分化测试表明，这些差异可能反映了对当地环境条件的适应。
The rate at which plants grow is a major functional trait in plant ecology. However, little is known about its evolution in natural populations. Here, we investigate evolutionary and environmental factors shaping variation in the growth rate of Arabidopsis thaliana. We used plant diameter as a proxy to monitor plant growth over time in environments that mimicked latitudinal differences in the intensity of natural light radiation, across a set of 278 genotypes sampled within four broad regions, including an outgroup set of genotypes from China. A field experiment conducted under natural conditions confirmed the ecological relevance of the observed variation. All genotypes markedly expanded their rosette diameter when the light supply was decreased, demonstrating that environmental plasticity is a predominant source of variation to adapt plant size to prevailing light conditions. Yet, we detected significant levels of genetic variation both in growth rate and growth plasticity. Genome-wide association studies revealed that only 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms associate with genetic variation for growth above Bonferroni confidence levels. However, marginally associated variants were significantly enriched among genes with an annotated role in growth and stress reactions. Polygenic scores computed from marginally associated variants confirmed the polygenic basis of growth variation. For both light regimes, phenotypic divergence between the most distantly related population (China) and the various regions in Europe is smaller than the variation observed within Europe, indicating that the evolution of growth rate is likely to be constrained by stabilizing selection. We observed that Spanish genotypes, however, reach a significantly larger size than Northern European genotypes. Tests of adaptive divergence and analysis of the individual burden of deleterious mutations reveal that adaptive processes have played a more important role in shaping regional differences in rosette growth than maladaptive evolution. The rate at which plants grow is a major functional trait in plant ecology. However, little is known about its genetic variation in natural populations. Here, we investigate genetic and environmental factors shaping variation in the growth rate of Arabidopsis thaliana and ask whether genetic variation in plant growth contributes to adaptation to local environmental conditions. We grew plants under two light regimes that mimic latitudinal differences in the intensity of natural light radiation, and measured plant diameter as it grew over time. When the light supply was decreased, plant diameter grew more slowly but reached a markedly larger final size, confirming that plants can adjust their growth to prevailing light conditions. Yet, we also detected significant levels of genetic variation both in growth rate and in how the growth dynamics is adjusted to the light conditions. We show that this variation is encoded by many loci of small effect that are hard to locate in the genome but overall significantly enriched among genes associated with growth and stress reactions. We further observe that Spanish genotypes tended to reach, on average, a significantly larger rosette size than Northern European genotypes. Tests of adaptive divergence indicate that these differences may reflect adaptation to local environmental conditions.
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