Regulation of inflammasome activation.

Regulation of inflammasome activation.
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DOI:
10.1111/imr.12296
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发表时间:
2015-05
影响因子:
8.7
通讯作者:
Kanneganti TD
Kanneganti TD
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Man SM;Kanneganti TD

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炎症体生物学是免疫学中最令人兴奋和发展最快的领域之一。在过去的10年中,炎性小体已被公认为它们在宿主防御入侵病原体以及在癌症、自身炎症、代谢和神经退行性疾病的发展中的作用。炎性小体复合物的组装需要通过核苷酸结合结构域和富亮氨酸重复受体(NLR)或在黑素瘤2样受体(ALR)中缺失的病原体相关分子模式或黑素瘤相关分子模式的胞质传感。NLR和ALR与caspase-1结合,在大多数情况下需要含有CARD(ASC)的衔接蛋白凋亡相关斑点样蛋白,以催化白细胞介素-1 β原(pro-IL-1β)和pro-IL-18的蛋白水解裂解并驱动细胞凋亡。最近的研究表明,caspase-8,caspase-11,IL-1 R相关激酶(IRAK)和受体相互作用蛋白(RIP)激酶有助于炎症体功能。此外,翻译后修饰,包括泛素化,去泛素化,磷酸化和降解,控制炎性小体活动的几乎每个方面。遗传研究表明,NLRP 1,NLRP 3,NLRC 4和AIM 2的突变与自身炎症性疾病,小肠结肠炎和癌症的发展有关。总的来说,这些发现改变了我们对炎性小体的基础生物学和临床相关性的理解。本文综述了炎性小体研究的最新进展,并讨论了炎性小体活动如何控制健康和疾病。
Inflammasome biology is one of the most exciting and rapidly growing areas in immunology. Over the past 10 years, inflammasomes have been recognized for their roles in the host defense against invading pathogens and in the development of cancer, autoinflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Assembly of an inflammasome complex requires cytosolic sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns by a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) or absent in melanoma 2-like receptor (ALR). NLRs and ALRs engage caspase-1, in most cases requiring the adapter protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), to catalyze proteolytic cleavage of pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) and pro-IL-18 and drive pyroptosis. Recent studies indicate that caspase-8, caspase-11, IL-1R–associated kinases (IRAK), and receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinases contribute to inflammasome functions. In addition, post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, deubiquitination, phosphorylation, and degradation, control almost every aspect of inflammasome activities. Genetic studies indicate that mutations in NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 are linked to the development of autoinflammatory diseases, enterocolitis, and cancer. Overall, these findings transform our understanding of the basic biology and clinical relevance of inflammasomes. In this review, we provide an overview of the latest development of inflammasome research and discuss how inflammasome activities govern health and disease.
朊病毒样聚合是抗病毒免疫防御和炎症小体激活中信号转导的基础。
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