The startle response: developmental effects and a paradigm for children and adults.

The startle response: developmental effects and a paradigm for children and adults.
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令人震惊的反应:发育影响以及儿童和成人的范例。

DOI:
10.1002/dev.20415
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发表时间:
2010
影响因子:
2.2
通讯作者:
Gunnar,Megan
Gunnar,Megan
中科院分区:
心理学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Quevedo,Karina;Smith,Tiffany;Donzella,Bonny;Schunk,Emily;Gunnar,Megan

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开发了一种电影范式来检查从学前到成年的广泛年龄范围内的基线和情绪调节惊吓。该范例在儿童(3 岁、5 岁、7 岁和 9 岁)和成人(总计 N= 122)中进行了测试。该范式在不同年龄组中引发了类似的惊吓增强模式。然而,基线惊吓随着年龄而变化:3 岁和 5 岁儿童的反应概率和基线惊吓程度均低于成人。与男性相比,女性表现出更大的基线惊吓反应概率和总体幅度;然而,没有发现通过情绪调节的惊吓交互作用。对所有儿童进行了焦虑测量。对于年龄较大的儿童,焦虑的个体差异与基线惊吓程度相关,但与年龄较小的儿童无关。没有发现焦虑与惊吓增强之间存在关联。总体而言,电影范式适用于广泛的发展跨度,揭示了基线惊吓程度和反应概率方面潜在的发展和性别差异。 © 2009 Wiley periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 78–89, 2010
A film paradigm was developed to examine baseline and emotion modulated startle across a broad age range from preschool to adulthood. The paradigm was tested in children (3‐, 5‐, 7‐, and 9‐year‐olds) and adults (totalN= 122). The paradigm elicited a similar startle potentiation pattern across age groups; however, baseline startle changed with age: 3‐ and 5‐year‐olds showed lower response probability and magnitude of baseline startle than adults. Females exhibited larger baseline startle response probability and overall magnitude than did males; however, no sex by emotion modulated startle interaction was noted. Anxiety measures were obtained for all children. Individual differences in anxiety were associated with baseline startle magnitude among older but not younger children. No association of anxiety with startle potentiation was noted. Overall the film paradigm was applicable across a wide developmental span, revealing potential developmental and gender differences in baseline startle magnitude and response probability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 52: 78–89, 2010
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