Chemical characterization and source apportionment of indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in retirement communities of the Los Angeles Basin.
Chemical characterization and source apportionment of indoor and outdoor fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) in retirement communities of the Los Angeles Basin.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.044
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发表时间：
2014-08-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Sioutas, Constantinos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasheminassab, Sina;Daher, Nancy;Shafer, Martin M.;Schauer, James J.;Delfino, Ralph J.;Sioutas, Constantinos
关键词：
2005 年至 2006 年间，在两个不同的阶段（冷期和暖期）对洛杉矶盆地的三个养老院同时进行了细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 的室内和室外测量。确定了 PM2.5 化学成分的室内与室外关系，并使用基于分子标记的化学质量平衡 (MM-CMB) 模型评估了室内和室外 PM2.5 的来源。研究发现，室内元素碳 (EC) 以及金属和微量元素的含量受到室外来源的显着影响。尤其是 EC，表现出非常高的室内与室外 (I/O) 质量比，并伴有很强的 I/O 相关性，说明室外源对室内 EC 水平的显着影响。同样，多环芳烃 (PAH)、藿烷和甾烷的室内水平与其室外成分密切相关，并且显示 I/O 比率接近一致。另一方面，退休社区内的正构烷烃和有机酸浓度主要由室内来源（例如食品烹饪和消费品）组成，正如它们的 I/O 比率所示，超过了统一值。源解析结果显示，机动车尾气是室内和室外PM2.5的主要贡献者，分别占总质量的39%和46%。此外，车辆来源对室内水平的贡献通常与其相应的室外估计相当。其他水不溶性有机物（其他 WIOM）占未表征的主要生物来源的排放量，在研究的所有地点和阶段中显示出更广泛的贡献，占 PM2.5 的 2% 至 73%。最后，在一些地点，其他水溶性有机物（其他 WSOM）的室内贡献明显高于室外，这表明室内环境中产生了二次气溶胶以及主要来源（包括清洁或其他消费品）的直接排放。
Concurrent indoor and outdoor measurements of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were conducted at three retirement homes in the Los Angeles Basin during two separate phases (cold and warm) between 2005 and 2006. Indoor-to-outdoor relationships of PM2.5 chemical constituents were determined and sources of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 were evaluated using a molecular marker-based chemical mass balance (MM-CMB) model. Indoor levels of elemental carbon (EC) along with metals and trace elements were found to be significantly affected by outdoor sources. EC, in particular, displayed very high indoor-to-outdoor (I/O) mass ratios accompanied by strong I/O correlations, illustrating the significant impact of outdoor sources on indoor levels of EC. Similarly, indoor levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes were strongly correlated with their outdoor components and displayed I/O ratios close to unity. On the other hand, concentrations of n-alkanes and organic acids inside the retirement communities were dominated by indoor sources (e.g. food cooking and consumer products), as indicated by their I/O ratios, which exceeded unity. Source apportionment results revealed that vehicular emissions were the major contributor to both indoor and outdoor PM2.5, accounting for 39 and 46% of total mass, respectively. Moreover, the contribution of vehicular sources to indoor levels was generally comparable to its corresponding outdoor estimate. Other water-insoluble organic matter (other WIOM), which accounts for emissions from uncharacterized primary biogenic sources, displayed a wider range of contributions, varying from 2 to 73% of PM2.5, across all sites and phases of the study. Lastly, higher indoor than outdoor contribution of other water-soluble organic matter (other WSOM) was evident at some of the sites, suggesting the production of secondary aerosols as well as direct emissions from primary sources (including cleaning or other consumer products) at the indoor environments.
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影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Fine, PM;Cass, GR;Simoneit, BRT
通讯作者：
Simoneit, BRT
DOI：
10.1164/rccm.200811-1757st
发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
24.7
作者：
Eisner, Mark D.;Anthonisen, Nicholas;Balmes, John R.
通讯作者：
Balmes, John R.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Hughes, LS;Allen, JO;Cass, GR
通讯作者：
Cass, GR
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Arhami, M;Kuhn, T;Sioutas, C
通讯作者：
Sioutas, C
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Delfino, Ralph J.;Staimer, Norbert;Sioutas, Constantinos
通讯作者：
Sioutas, Constantinos