An ideal observer analysis of visual working memory.

An ideal observer analysis of visual working memory.
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DOI:
10.1037/a0029856
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发表时间:
2012-10
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Knill, David C.
Knill, David C.
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sims, Chris R.;Jacobs, Robert A.;Knill, David C.

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视觉工作记忆(VWM)的局限性严重制约了人类在许多任务中的表现。然而,这些限制的性质并没有得到很好的理解。在本文中,我们开发了一个理想的观察者分析人类视觉工作记忆,通过推导出预期的行为的最佳性能,但容量有限的记忆系统。这种分析是围绕率失真理论,信息理论的一个分支,提供了一个固定的信息容量的信息传输的准确性的最佳界限。理想的观察者分析的结果是一个理论框架,提供了一个独立于任务的视觉记忆能力的定量定义,并产生新的预测人类的表现。这些预测随后进行了评估,并在两个实证研究证实。此外,该框架足够通用,可以规范和测试视觉记忆的替代模型(例如,容量如何分布在多个项目中)。我们证明了一个简单的模型开发的基础上,理想的观察者分析,它允许存储的内存表示的数量的变化,但不假设存在一个固定的项目限制,提供了一个很好的帐户的经验数据,并进一步提供了一个原则性的重新解释现有的模型的视觉工作记忆。
Limits in visual working memory (VWM) strongly constrain human performance across many tasks. However, the nature of these limits is not well understood. In this paper we develop an ideal observer analysis of human visual working memory, by deriving the expected behavior of an optimally performing, but limited-capacity memory system. This analysis is framed around rate–distortion theory, a branch of information theory that provides optimal bounds on the accuracy of information transmission subject to a fixed information capacity. The result of the ideal observer analysis is a theoretical framework that provides a task-independent and quantitative definition of visual memory capacity and yields novel predictions regarding human performance. These predictions are subsequently evaluated and confirmed in two empirical studies. Further, the framework is general enough to allow the specification and testing of alternative models of visual memory (for example, how capacity is distributed across multiple items). We demonstrate that a simple model developed on the basis of the ideal observer analysis—one which allows variability in the number of stored memory representations, but does not assume the presence of a fixed item limit—provides an excellent account of the empirical data, and further offers a principled re-interpretation of existing models of visual working memory.
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