Walking and rolling of crystals induced thermally by phase transition.
Walking and rolling of crystals induced thermally by phase transition.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-017-02549-2
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发表时间：
2018-02-07
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Koshima H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Taniguchi T;Sugiyama H;Uekusa H;Shiro M;Asahi T;Koshima H
材料的机械运动越来越多地从弯曲和膨胀/收缩的角度进行探索。然而，材料的移动受到了限制。在这里，我们报道了手性偶氮苯晶体的行走和滚动运动，这是由可逆的单晶到单晶相变热诱导的。在接近转变温度的加热和冷却循环下，通过反复弯曲和拉直，具有纵向厚度梯度的长片状晶体像尺蠖一样缓慢行走。此外，更薄、更长的具有宽度梯度的板状晶体在加热或冷却的一个过程中，通过倾斜弯曲和翻转，滚动速度更快。在过渡温度以上，晶体长度缩短，由于温度向厚度方向的梯度导致晶体弯曲。由于晶体形状的不对称，弯曲运动必然转化为行走和滚动运动。这一晶体运动的发现将引领晶体机器人领域的发展。分子晶体的机械运动仅限于原地运动或缓慢爬行。在这里，作者描述了手性偶氮苯晶体，它可以在加热或冷却时快速向前移动或滚动，提供了新的材料运动模式。
The mechanical motion of materials has been increasingly explored in terms of bending and expansion/contraction. However, the locomotion of materials has been limited. Here, we report walking and rolling locomotion of chiral azobenzene crystals, induced thermally by a reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal phase transition. Long plate-like crystals with thickness gradient in the longitudinal direction walk slowly, like an inchworm, by repeated bending and straightening under heating and cooling cycles near the transition temperature. Furthermore, thinner, longer plate-like crystals with width gradient roll much faster by tilted bending and then flipping under only one process of heating or cooling. The length of the crystal is shortened above the transition temperature, which induces bending due to the temperature gradient to the thickness direction. The bending motion is necessarily converted to the walking and rolling locomotion due to the unsymmetrical shape of the crystal. This finding of the crystal locomotion can lead to a field of crystal robotics. Mechanical motions of molecular crystals have been limited to in-place movement or slow crawling. Here, the authors describe chiral azobenzene crystals that walk or roll quickly forward in response to heating or cooling, offering new modes of material locomotion.
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