Athleticism and sex impact neural processing of sound.
Athleticism and sex impact neural processing of sound.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-022-19216-2
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发表时间：
2022-09-07
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Kraus, Nina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krizman, Jennifer;Bonacina, Silvia;Colegrove, Danielle;Otto-Meyer, Rembrandt;Nicol, Trent;Kraus, Nina
生物学和经验都会影响听觉大脑。性别是一种对听觉处理具有普遍影响的生物因素。女性处理声音的速度比男性更快、更稳健。这些差异与两性之间的激素差异有关。运动是一种已知可以减少持续神经噪音的体验因素，但它是否影响大脑处理声音的方式尚不清楚。此外，考虑到一般人群中听觉处理的性别差异已得到充分记录，尚不清楚体育参与对男性和女性听觉处理的影响是否不同。我们假设运动能力可以增强听觉处理，并且这种增强在女性中更为明显。为了检验这些假设，我们使用频率跟随响应 (FFR) 测量了大学 I 级男女学生运动员及其非运动员同龄人（总计 n = 1012）的听觉处理。 FFR 是对声音的神经生理学反应，反映了离散声音特征的处理。除了基频 (F0) 和谐波编码之外，我们还测量了响应的跨试验一致性。我们发现运动员增强了谐波编码，这在女运动员中最为明显，并且运动员比非运动员有更一致的反应。相比之下，运动员的 F0 编码减少了。女性运动员的谐波编码优势与之前将谐波编码强度与女性激素水平联系起来的研究相一致，并且研究表明雌激素可以调节运动员在其他感官领域的性别差异。最后，先前的脑震荡和重复性亚脑震荡性头部创伤造成的听觉处理持续缺陷可能是运动员 F0 编码减少的原因，因为 F0 编码不良是脑震荡损伤的标志。
Biology and experience both influence the auditory brain. Sex is one biological factor with pervasive effects on auditory processing. Females process sounds faster and more robustly than males. These differences are linked to hormone differences between the sexes. Athleticism is an experiential factor known to reduce ongoing neural noise, but whether it influences how sounds are processed by the brain is unknown. Furthermore, it is unknown whether sports participation influences auditory processing differently in males and females, given the well-documented sex differences in auditory processing seen in the general population. We hypothesized that athleticism enhances auditory processing and that these enhancements are greater in females. To test these hypotheses, we measured auditory processing in collegiate Division I male and female student-athletes and their non-athlete peers (total n = 1012) using the frequency-following response (FFR). The FFR is a neurophysiological response to sound that reflects the processing of discrete sound features. We measured across-trial consistency of the response in addition to fundamental frequency (F0) and harmonic encoding. We found that athletes had enhanced encoding of the harmonics, which was greatest in the female athletes, and that athletes had more consistent responses than non-athletes. In contrast, F0 encoding was reduced in athletes. The harmonic-encoding advantage in female athletes aligns with previous work linking harmonic encoding strength to female hormone levels and studies showing estrogen as mediating athlete sex differences in other sensory domains. Lastly, persistent deficits in auditory processing from previous concussive and repetitive subconcussive head trauma may underlie the reduced F0 encoding in athletes, as poor F0 encoding is a hallmark of concussion injury.
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