Microtubule dynamics: an interplay of biochemistry and mechanics.

Microtubule dynamics: an interplay of biochemistry and mechanics.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41580-018-0009-y
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发表时间:
2018-07
期刊:
Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rice LM
Rice LM
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brouhard GJ;Rice LM

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微管是αβ-微管蛋白的动态聚合物,其对于细胞内组织和染色体分离是必需的。微管的生长和收缩通过αβ-微管蛋白亚基的增加和损失-生物化学过程发生。动态微管也可以通过推或拉负载来施加力-机械过程。生物化学和力学交叉领域的最新进展揭示了αβ-微管蛋白的多种构象的存在及其在决定微管动力学机制和微管如何工作中的核心作用。微管相关蛋白选择性地靶向特定的微管蛋白构象来调节微管动力学,机械力也可以通过改变微管蛋白构象的平衡来影响微管动力学。重要的是,微管蛋白二聚体的构象状态似乎是耦合在整个晶格中,因为一个二聚体的构象影响其最近邻居的构象和超越。这种耦合提供了一种长程机制,通过这种机制,MAP和力可以调节微管的生长和收缩。这些发现提供的证据表明,生物化学和力学之间的相互作用是必不可少的微管的细胞功能。
Microtubules are dynamic polymers of αβ-tubulin that are essential for intracellular organization and chromosome segregation. Microtubule growth and shrinkage occur via addition and loss of αβ-tubulin subunits — biochemical processes. Dynamic microtubules can also exert forces by pushing or pulling against a load – mechanical processes. Recent advances at the intersection of biochemistry and mechanics have revealed the existence of multiple conformations of αβ-tubulin and their central role in dictating the mechanisms of microtubule dynamics and how microtubules do work. Microtubule associated proteins selectively target specific tubulin conformations to regulate microtubule dynamics, and mechanical forces can also influence microtubule dynamics by altering the balance of tubulin conformations. Importantly, the conformational states of tubulin dimers appear to be coupled throughout the lattice, in that the conformation of one dimer affects the conformation of its nearest neighbors and beyond. This coupling provides a long-range mechanism by which MAPs and forces can modulate microtubule growth and shrinkage. These findings provide evidence that the interplay between biochemistry and mechanics is essential for the cellular functions of microtubules.
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