Fossil palm fruits from India indicate a Cretaceous origin of Arecaceae tribe Borasseae

Fossil palm fruits from India indicate a Cretaceous origin of Arecaceae tribe Borasseae
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来自印度的化石棕榈果表明槟榔科部落Borasseae的白垩纪起源

DOI:
10.1093/botlinnean/boz019
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.4
通讯作者:
Smith, Selena Y
Smith, Selena Y
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Matsunaga, Kelly K;Manchester, Steven R;Srivastava, Rashmi;Kapgate, Dashrath K;Smith, Selena Y

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棕榈(槟榔科)的化石记录对于理解该家族的深层进化和地理历史至关重要。我们研究了67 -64万年前印度德干层间的棕榈果化石,以推断化石的系统关系及其与棕榈进化的相关性。使用X射线显微计算机断层扫描,物理切片技术和全证据系统发育分析,我们表明,这些化石代表了冠组成员的亚族Hyphaeninae(部落Borasseae,亚科Coryphoideae)与现存的属SatranalaandBismarckia,现在特有的马达加斯加。这些化石在此被同群化为Hyphaeneocarpon indicum,为马斯特里赫特晚期-早丹尼世存在冠群Hyphaeninae提供了证据。这早于前年龄估计的Hyphaeninae冠节点近40万年,并意味着更早的分歧Borasseae。印度的Hyphaeneocarpon的存在表明Borasseae在印度洋地区已经存在了超过6400万年。这项研究说明了实用的棕榈果实字符放置化石的系统发育背景下,并了解Borasseae和棕榈的古生物地理的进化和多样化具有重要意义。
The fossil record of palms (Arecaceae) is essential for understanding the deep evolutionary and geographical history of the family. We studied palm fruit fossils from thec.67–64-Myr-old Deccan Intertrappean Beds of India to infer the systematic relationships of the fossils and their relevance to palm evolution. Using X-ray micro-computed tomography, physical sectioning techniques and a total-evidence phylogenetic analysis, we show that these fossils represent a crown group member of subtribe Hyphaeninae (tribe Borasseae, subfamily Coryphoideae) allied with the extant generaSatranalaandBismarckia, now endemic to Madagascar. These fossils, synonymized here asHyphaeneocarpon indicum, provide evidence for the existence of crown group Hyphaeninae during the late Maastrichtian–early Danian. This pre-dates prior age estimates for the Hyphaeninae crown node by nearly 40 Myr and implies an earlier divergence of Borasseae. The presence ofHyphaeneocarponin India shows that Borasseae have persisted in the Indian Ocean region for > 64 Myr. This study illustrates the utility of palm fruit characters for placing fossils in a phylogenetic context and has important implications for understanding the evolution and diversification of Borasseae and the palaeobiogeography of palms.
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