Cofilin1-dependent actin dynamics control DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission.

Cofilin1-dependent actin dynamics control DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission.
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DOI:
10.1038/cddis.2017.448
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发表时间:
2017-10-05
影响因子:
9
通讯作者:
Rust MB
Rust MB
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rehklau K;Hoffmann L;Gurniak CB;Ott M;Witke W;Scorrano L;Culmsee C;Rust MB

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线粒体形成高度动态的网络,其中细胞器不断融合和分裂。线粒体动力学的相关性从其在各种人类病理学(包括癌症或神经退行性疾病、内分泌疾病和心血管疾病)中的意义是显而易见的。动力蛋白相关蛋白1(DRP 1)是线粒体分裂的关键调节因子,其在线粒体外膜处寡聚化并水解GTP以驱动线粒体片段化。先前的研究表明,DRP 1的募集和线粒体分裂是由线粒体表面的肌动蛋白聚合促进的,由肌动蛋白调节蛋白倒相蛋白2(INF 2)和Spire 1C控制。这些研究表明需要额外的肌动蛋白调节活性来控制DRP 1介导的线粒体分裂。在这里,我们表明,肌动蛋白解聚蛋白cofilin 1,而不是其密切的同系物肌动蛋白解聚因子(ADF),需要维持线粒体形态。cofilin 1的缺失导致线粒体DRP 1的积累和断裂,而不改变线粒体功能或其他细胞器的形态。cofilin 1缺陷细胞的线粒体形态在以下情况下得以恢复:(i)野生型cofilin 1或组成型活性突变体的重新表达,但肌动蛋白结合缺陷突变体的重新表达,(ii)肌动蛋白丝的药理学去稳定化和(iii)DRP 1的遗传耗竭。我们的工作揭示了cofilin 1依赖的肌动蛋白动力学在线粒体分裂中的新功能,并确定cofilin 1作为线粒体DRP 1活性的负调节因子。我们的结论是,cofilin 1所需的局部肌动蛋白动力学在线粒体,在那里它可以平衡INF 2/螺旋1C诱导的肌动蛋白聚合。
Mitochondria form highly dynamic networks in which organelles constantly fuse and divide. The relevance of mitochondrial dynamics is evident from its implication in various human pathologies, including cancer or neurodegenerative, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases. Dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) is a key regulator of mitochondrial fission that oligomerizes at the mitochondrial outer membrane and hydrolyzes GTP to drive mitochondrial fragmentation. Previous studies demonstrated that DRP1 recruitment and mitochondrial fission is promoted by actin polymerization at the mitochondrial surface, controlled by the actin regulatory proteins inverted formin 2 (INF2) and Spire1C. These studies suggested the requirement of additional actin regulatory activities to control DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Here we show that the actin-depolymerizing protein cofilin1, but not its close homolog actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF), is required to maintain mitochondrial morphology. Deletion of cofilin1 caused mitochondrial DRP1 accumulation and fragmentation, without altering mitochondrial function or other organelles’ morphology. Mitochondrial morphology in cofilin1-deficient cells was restored upon (i) re-expression of wild-type cofilin1 or a constitutively active mutant, but not of an actin-binding-deficient mutant, (ii) pharmacological destabilization of actin filaments and (iii) genetic depletion of DRP1. Our work unraveled a novel function for cofilin1-dependent actin dynamics in mitochondrial fission, and identified cofilin1 as a negative regulator of mitochondrial DRP1 activity. We conclude that cofilin1 is required for local actin dynamics at mitochondria, where it may balance INF2/Spire1C-induced actin polymerization.
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