Snow Depth and Air Temperature Seasonality on Sea Ice Derived From Snow Buoy Measurements
Snow Depth and Air Temperature Seasonality on Sea Ice Derived From Snow Buoy Measurements
复制标题
根据雪浮标测量得出的海冰积雪深度和气温季节性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
S. Schwegmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Nicolaus;M. Hoppmann;Stefanie Arndt;S. Hendricks;C. Katlein;Anja Nicolaus;L. Rossmann;M. Schiller;S. Schwegmann
海冰上的积雪深度是极地气候系统的一个重要状态变量，也是北极和南极海冰系统中最不为人所知且最难表征的参数之一。在这里，我们提出了一种新型自主平台，用于测量北极和南极海冰漂移的雪深、气温和气压。 “雪浮标”旨在承受最恶劣的环境条件，并提供高且一致的数据质量，同时对表面的影响最小。我们当前的数据集包含自 2013 年以来的 79 个时间序列（47 个北极，32 个南极），其中许多涵盖整个季节周期，并且单个观测期长达 3 年。除了平台本身的详细介绍之外，我们还描述了公开可用（近实时）数据的处理并讨论了局限性。第一个科学结果揭示了积雪深度年周期的区域差异特征：在威德尔海，年净积雪量为 0.2 至 0.9 m（平均 0.34 m），有些地区所有月份都有积雪。在北极海冰上，季节周期更为明显，显示天气事件的积累主要在八月至四月之间，在秋季达到最大值。六月和七月观察到最强烈的消融，并且整个积雪在夏季持续融化。北极气温测量揭示了冬季的几次高于冰点的温度事件，这可能会影响雪地层，从而为随后的春季积雪做好准备。正在进行的雪浮标计划将成为未来许多研究的基础，预计将显着增进我们对海冰上的雪的了解，并为数值模拟和遥感技术提供宝贵的现场验证数据。
Snow depth on sea ice is an essential state variable of the polar climate system and yet one of the least known and most difficult to characterize parameters of the Arctic and Antarctic sea ice systems. Here, we present a new type of autonomous platform to measure snow depth, air temperature, and barometric pressure on drifting Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. “Snow Buoys” are designed to withstand the harshest environmental conditions and to deliver high and consistent data quality with minimal impact on the surface. Our current dataset consists of 79 time series (47 Arctic, 32 Antarctic) since 2013, many of which cover entire seasonal cycles and with individual observation periods of up to 3 years. In addition to a detailed introduction of the platform itself, we describe the processing of the publicly available (near real time) data and discuss limitations. First scientific results reveal characteristic regional differences in the annual cycle of snow depth: in the Weddell Sea, annual net snow accumulation ranged from 0.2 to 0.9 m (mean 0.34 m) with some regions accumulating snow in all months. On Arctic sea ice, the seasonal cycle was more pronounced, showing accumulation from synoptic events mostly between August and April and maxima in autumn. Strongest ablation was observed in June and July, and consistently the entire snow cover melted during summer. Arctic air temperature measurements revealed several above-freezing temperature events in winter that likely impacted snow stratigraphy and thus preconditioned the subsequent spring snow cover. The ongoing Snow Buoy program will be the basis of many future studies and is expected to significantly advance our understanding of snow on sea ice, also providing invaluable in situ validation data for numerical simulations and remote sensing techniques.
影响因子：
30.7
作者：
M. Webster;S. Gerland;M. Holland;E. Hunke;R. Kwok;O. Lecomte;R. Massom;D. Perovich;M. Sturm
通讯作者：
M. Webster;S. Gerland;M. Holland;E. Hunke;R. Kwok;O. Lecomte;R. Massom;D. Perovich;M. Sturm
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Hoppmann, M.;Nicolaus, M.;Gerdes, R.
通讯作者：
Gerdes, R.
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Jackson, Keith;Wilkinson, Jeremy;Mackenzie, David
通讯作者：
Mackenzie, David