Effects of age, physical and self-perceived balance abilities on lateral stepping adjustments during competing lateral balance tasks.
Effects of age, physical and self-perceived balance abilities on lateral stepping adjustments during competing lateral balance tasks.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.05.025
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发表时间：
2021-07
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Dingwell JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kazanski ME;Dingwell JB
日常行走路径表现出不同的环境特征，需要不断调整运动轨迹。人类在导航路径时通过根据改变的侧到侧路径限制(即路径宽度、侧向位置)来修改步长来保持侧向平衡。这些过程受到一个人维持平衡的实际身体能力的影响，以及他们自我感知的平衡能力。老年人在这些能力中的每一个都会下降，这可能会改变他们执行适当的侧步适应的能力。年龄、身体和自我感知的平衡能力如何交互作用影响老年人在具有动态侧向路径特征的复杂环境中行走的侧向步态适应？20名年轻人(平均年龄±SD：21.7±2.6)和18名老年人(平均年龄±SD：71.6±6.0)在虚拟现实系统中的仪表式跑步机上行走。参与者在操纵路径宽度或位置的两个相互竞争的横向平衡子任务中调整了横向步长。参与者开始在一条逐渐变窄的路径上行走(子任务A)，然后通过横向操纵到相邻路径(子任务B)来决定何时/如何交换子任务。记录的路径特征被用来量化步进误差开始和子任务交换的空间阈值。老年人在更宽的道路上犯了子任务A的步错，并较早地交换了子任务。这些差异并不直接归因于年龄。统计路径分析表明，身体平衡能力在年龄对步长错误起始的影响中起中介作用，而自我平衡能力在年龄对子任务交换的影响中起中介作用。两个年龄组在步进准确率相近且高达90%的情况下互换子任务。这项工作展示了年龄如何通过身体和自我感知的平衡能力的退化，间接和不同地影响竞争侧向平衡任务的导航的重要机制。调节身体和感知因素是改善老年人对复杂环境的导航的潜在目标。
Daily walking paths exhibit varying environment features and require continuous adjustments to locomotor trajectories. Humans maintain lateral balance while navigating paths by modifying stepping in accordance with changing side-to-side path limitations (i.e. path width, lateral location). These processes are influenced by one’s actual physical ability to maintain balance, as well as their self-perceived balance ability. Older adults experience decreases in each of these abilities, which may alter their capacities to execute appropriate lateral stepping adaptations. How do age, physical and self-perceived balance abilities interact to influence lateral stepping adaptations of older adults walking in complex environments with dynamic lateral path features? Twenty young (age mean±SD: 21.7±2.6) and 18 older adults (age mean±SD: 71.6±6.0) walked on an instrumented treadmill in a virtual-reality system. Participants adjusted lateral stepping during two competing lateral balance sub-tasks that manipulated either path width or location. Participants began walking on a gradually-narrowing path (sub-task A), then decided when/ how to exchange sub-tasks by laterally maneuvering to an adjacent path (sub-task B). Recorded path characteristics were used to quantify spatial thresholds for stepping error onset and sub-task exchange. Older adults made sub-task A stepping errors on wider paths and exchanged sub-tasks earlier. These differences were not directly attributed to age. Statistical path analyses revealed that physical balance ability mediated age effects on stepping error onset, while self-perceived balance ability mediated age effects on sub-task exchange. Both age groups exchanged sub-tasks when stepping accuracy likelihoods were similar and high, ~90%. This work demonstrates important mechanisms for how age, via degradation of physical and self-perceived balance abilities, indirectly and differentially influences navigation of competing lateral balance tasks. Mediating physical and perceptual factors are potential targets for improving older adults’ navigation of complex environments.
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